Instructor’s Manual
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology
Fourth Edition
Michael G. Wood
Benjamin Cummings
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ISBN 10: 0-3215-9493-2
ISBN 13: 978-0321-59493-8
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Dedication
To Kit, with love and gratitude, for all he continues to do for Abi.
Contents
Prefacevi
Exercise 1: Laboratory Safety1
Exercise 2: Introduction to the Human Body4
Exercise 3: Organ Systems Overview9
Exercise 4: Use of the Microscope11
Exercise 5: Anatomy of the Cell and Cell Division15
Exercise 6: Movement Across Cell Membranes18
Exercise 7: Epithelial Tissue24
Exercise 8: Connective Tissue27
Exercise 9: Muscle Tissue31
Exercise 10: Neural Tissue34
Exercise 11: The Integumentary System37
Exercise 12: Body Membranes40
Exercise 13: Organization of the Skeletal System 43
Exercise 14: The Axial Skeleton46
Exercise 15: The Appendicular Skeleton51
Exercise 16: Articulations55
Exercise 17: Organization of Skeletal Muscles59
Exercise 18: Muscles of the Head and Neck63
Exercise 19: Muscles of the Vertebral Column, Abdomen, and Pelvis67
Exercise 20: Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb70
Exercise 21: Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb73
Exercise 22: Muscle Physiology77
Exercise 23: Organization of the Nervous System85
Exercise 24: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes92
Exercise 25: Anatomy of the Brain96
Exercise 26: Autonomic Nervous System101
Exercise 27: General Senses105
Exercise 28: Special Senses: Olfaction and Gustation109
Exercise 29: Anatomy of the Eye112
Exercise 30: Physiology of the Eye117
Exercise 31: Anatomy of the Ear122
Exercise 32: Physiology of the Ear125
Exercise 33: The Endocrine System128
Exercise 34: Blood132
Exercise 35: Anatomy of the Heart136
Exercise 36: Anatomy of the Systemic Circulation141
Exercise 37: Cardiovascular Physiology146
Exercise 38: Lymphoid System153
Exercise 39: Anatomy of the Respiratory System156
Exercise 40: Physiology of the Respiratory System159
Exercise 41: Anatomy of the Digestive System167
Exercise 42: Digestive Physiology172
Exercise 43: Anatomy of the Urinary System177
Exercise 44: Physiology of the Urinary System181
Exercise 45: Anatomy of the Reproductive System185
Exercise 46: Development189
Exercise 47: Surface Anatomy192
Cat Dissection Exercises
Dissection Exercise 1: Muscles of the Cat194
Dissection Exercise 2: Cat Nervous System197
Dissection Exercise 3: Cat Endocrine System200
Dissection Exercise 4: Cat Circulatory System203
Dissection Exercise 5: Cat Lymphoid System207
Dissection Exercise 6: Cat Respiratory System209
Dissection Exercise 7: Cat Digestive System212
Dissection Exercise 8: Cat Urinary System215
Dissection Exercise 9: Cat Reproductive System218
Pig Dissection Exercises
Dissection Exercise 1: Muscles of the Pig 220
Dissection Exercise 2: Pig Nervous System223
Dissection Exercise 3: Pig Endocrine System226
Dissection Exercise 4: Pig Circulatory System228
Dissection Exercise 5: Pig Lymphoid System232
Dissection Exercise 6: Pig Respiratory System234
Dissection Exercise 7: Pig Digestive System236
Dissection Exercise 8: Pig Urinary System238
Dissection Exercise 9: Pig Reproductive System240
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Preface
This Instructor’s Manual is organized to include more information designed to help instructors teach the course. Each exercise is split into two sections: Instructor’s Preparation and Tips, and Answers to Questions. The first section includes tips on preparation, time requirements, and good teaching practices while the second section provides the answers to all of the questions in the lab manual.
Instructor’s Preparation and Tips
This section has useful information for planning, setting up, and teaching each laboratory exercise. A brief description of each of its subsections follows.
Master List of Materials
For easy reference, a list of all laboratory equipment for the exercise is listed at the beginning for use in ordering supplies and prepping labs.
Time Requirement
This section is a list of approximate time students will need to work with models, make observations, examine slides, carry out dissection, and so forth for the major activities in each exercise. These are only guidelines, and instructors should consider their teaching technique, amount of background material discussed, and level of detail while planning the laboratory schedule.
Laboratory Preparation
To assist with laboratory preparation, this section covers the typical steps necessary to prepare the lab for each exercise. Instructions for mixing solutions, reagents, and enzymes are also included.
Teaching Tips and Students’ Misconceptions
This section has useful teaching tips and strategies to add to your repertoire. Widespread misconceptions regarding biology and anatomy and physiology are clarified. In addition, tips for navigating around common learning pitfalls.
Answers to Questions
A key to all labeling activities, QuickCheck Questions, and Laboratory Report questions are provided for the 47 laboratory exercises and the cat and pig dissection exercises. Because the lab manual emphasizes writing, faculty may choose to post copies of these pages after the laboratory period so students can check their answers. The key to each exercise is listed on a separate page, so postings for specific exercises are simplified.
Comprehensive analysis of the BIOPAC activities in separate Laboratory Reports enables faculty to provide students with detailed responses to the experimental data and Laboratory Reports. Class data may be added to the pre-formatted tables in the reports to provide students with measurements to compare with their results.
Acknowledgments
Foremost, I thank the outstanding publishing team with Benjamin Cummings for their passion and creativity in publishing. I appreciate my colleagues Albert Drumright, III; Lillian Bass; Billy Bob Long; Rex McAliley; Joel McKinney; and Joyce Germany at Del Mar College for their continuing support of the lab manual.
I have successfully used each Exercise in my laboratories at Del Mar College in both small and large group settings. Comments, suggestions, and inquires are welcome and may be forwarded to me at the address below. Thank you for adopting the fourth edition of the lab manual.
Best wishes with your teaching!
Michael G. Wood
Department of Natural Sciences
Del Mar College
Corpus Christi, TX 78404
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