PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Study Guide

Name:______per____

  1. DNA and RNA are both polymers. What is the name for this type of polymer and what do we call the monomer that makes them up?

Polymer- nucleic acid

Monomer- nucleotides

  1. What are the three types of RNA.

Messenger, ribosomal and transfer

  1. Place a checkmark in the box if the statement applies to that kind of RNA.

mRNA / rRNA / tRNA
Made in the nucleus / X / X / X
Used in protein production / X / X / X
Carries amino acids / X
Makes up a ribosome / X
Nucleic Acid / X / X / X
Has Codons / X
Has Anticodons / X
Made of nucleotides / X / X / X
  1. Describe the following: (including what is being made and where it occurs)
  2. Replication

DNA  DNA (IN NUCLEUS)

  1. Transcription

DNA RNA(IN NUCLEUS)

  1. Translation

RNA PROTEIN (IN CYTOPLASM ON RIBOSOME)

  1. Be as specific and complete as possible. How does DNA code for a protein?

DNA makes mRNA in nucleus, mRNA leaves nucleus to go to cytoplasm. Once in cytoplasm, mRNA goes to ribosome where translation begins by translating codons from mRNA message into amino acids. Amino acids are brought to ribosome by tRNA (that also carries the anti-codon). The polypeptide chain elongates until reaching a stop codon, then is released from the ribosome for cell use.

If any of these lines of code are known, the others can be determined: / Fill in the blanks.
DNA / TAC / ATG / CTA / GGT / ATC / GCT / CAC / GGT
mRNA / AUG / UAC / GAU / CCA / UAG / CGA / GUG / CCA
tRNA / UAC / AUG / CUA / GGU / AUC / GCU / CAC / GGU
protein / Methionine / Tyrosine / Aspartate / Proline / STOP / Arginine / Valine / Proline
DNA / ATG / TAC / GAT / CCA / TAG / CGA / GTG / CCA
mRNA / UAC / AUG / CUA / GGU / AUC / GCU / CAC / GGU
tRNA / AUG / UAC / GAU / CCA / UAG / CGA / GUG / CCA
protein / Tyrosine / Methionine / Leucine / Glycine / Isoleucine / Alanine / Histidine / glycine
DNA / TAC / ATG / CTA / GGT / ATC / GCT / CAC / GGT
mRNA / AUG / UAC / GAU / CCA / UAG / CGA / GUG / CCA
tRNA / UAC / AUG / CUA / GGU / AUC / GCU / CAC / GGU
protein / Methionine / Tyrosine / Aspartate / Proline / STOP / Arginine / Valine / Proline
  1. What are the 3 base sections of mRNA called?______codons______

2. What are the 3 base sections of tRNAcalled?______anticodons______
3. What do you notice about DNA and tRNA? Why could you have predicted this?
They are both complementary to the mRNA, so they are the same except for the U’s and T’s
4. In table one, you use the DNA blueprint of bases to make RNA. This is called ___transcription______
5. You then make a string of amino acids to form a __protein______.
6. What is that process called (when you join amino acids using the RNA as a blueprint?)translation