Dictionary for Abbreviation:
WWW inventor Tim Berners-Lee Akamai—Hawaiian for intelligent and clever and informally cool.
global internet content delivery (world-wide wait)
ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (Dnload 8Mb, Up800Kb)
AES Advanced Encryption Standard (Belgium, Rijndael encryption algorithm)
US Dept Commerce announced 10/2/2000.Will replace DES (data encryption standard. Rijndael was developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen of Proton World International and Vincent Rijmen of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Each candidate algorithm was required to support key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. They were evaluated for the strength of their security as well as for their speed and versatility across a variety of computer platforms. According to NIST, Rijndael was selected because it had the best combination of security, performance, efficiency, implementability and flexibility. A technical analysis of the AES candidates is posted on NIST's Web site. http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/aes/
Singh 12日將1萬英鎊（15,000美元）的獎金頒給由Fredrik Almgren為首的瑞典密碼破解小組時說：「這是歷來被破解的密碼中，難度最高的。」 Almgren從事網際網路安全工作，他與軟體開發人員Torbjorn Granlund，以及三位來自斯德哥爾摩皇家技術學院的電腦高手共同研究密碼破解之道。
AGCT Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine—four nucleotide bases
APIA Asia & Pacific Internet Association
APNG Asia Pacific Networking Group
APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Center
APTLD Asia Pacific Top Level Domain
ARP Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network.
ARM
ASO Address Support Organization (See DNSO, PSO)
ASP Active Server Pages (Server side scripting environment)
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AWT Abstract Windows Toolkit
Beowulf a kind of high-performance massively parallel computer built
primarily out of commodity hardware components, running a free-software
operating system like Linux or FreeBSD, interconnected by a private
high-speed network. It consists of a cluster of PCs or workstations
dedicated to running high-performance computing tasks. The nodes in
the cluster don't sit on people's desks; they are dedicated to running
cluster jobs. It is usually connected to the outside world through
only a single node.
BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain (is vulnerable in older versions)
BIND Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (blueprint WORLDWIDE, a non-profit organization by IBM and MDS proteomics, will maintain) New Company Founded by IBM and MDS Proteomics will Help Accelerate Drug Discovery with the World's Most Comprehensive Collection of Biomolecular Data
BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
Bluetooth (Harald Bluetooth, King of Norway..) 2.45GHz, 10m-100m 1Mb/sec,
1998 Wireless IEEE802.11
C4ISR Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillence, Reconnaissance 指管通資情監偵
CBETA Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association
CCIRN Coordinating Committee for Inter-Continental Research Networking
CcTLD Country Code Top Level Domain
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access (See also TDMA)
CDE Cash, Distribution,Engineering
CDN Content Delivery Network
CDSP Content Delivery Service Provider (Akamai e.g.)
CDWA Categories for the Description of Works of Art
CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing
CIMI Consortium for Computer Interchange of Museum Information
CIX Commercial Internet Exchange
Cookie A cookie is a way for web sites to recognize whether or not you have
visited the site before. It is a piece of data given to a browser by a web server, so that the browser will hand it back to the server on subsequent visits. Bank One uses cookies in places where you need to register, such as Bank One OnLine Services, or where you are able to customize the information you see. Recording a cookie at such points makes your online experience easier and more personalized.
CNRI Corporation for National Research Initiatives GHR Global Handle
Registry
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
COTS Commodity off the shelf
CRM Customer Relationship Management
CSCW Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
CSDGM Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
CSS Cascading Style Sheets (adding style to web document) W3C.org
See XSL
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DDOS Distributed Denial-of-Service attack
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DICOM Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine
DES Data Encryption Standard ( Kerberos MIT)
DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which bars companies from
distributing technology that can bypass copyright protection
measures.
DMZ DeMilitarized Zone
DNSO Domain Name Support Organization (See ASO, PSO)
DTD Document Type Description (CommerceNet Co.)
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
EAD Encoded Archival Description
EBTI Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative
ECAI Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative
EIP Enterprise Information Portal
ENUM tElephone Number Mapping services (resolution) mapping to DNS
address
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
(3 main components of IPSec: Key Management-security
association, Authentication Header, and ESP)
EST Expressed Sequence Tags single pass cDNA sequences
ETSI European Telecommunication Standard Institute
EXIF Exchangeable Image File Format
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee
FMC Fixed-Mobile Convergence
GILS Government Information Locator Service
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation (one of main tunneling protocols:
IPsec, PPTP, L2TP and GRE)
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HUGO Human Genome Organization
HGNC HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/
ICANN International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICR Intelligent Character Recognition
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IDNS Internationalized Domain Name System
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force--a volunteer organization which defines
protocols for use on the Internet
IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual
IMLS Institute of Museum and Library Services
IP-RAN IP based Radio Access Network
IPSEC IP security Protocol
ISOC Internet Society
ISUP Signaling system 7 ISDN User Part
ITSEC Information Tech. Security Evaluation and Certification Scheme
ITU International Telecommunication Union
JDK Java Development Kit
JFC/Swing Java Foundation Classes
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
JSDT Java Shared Data Toolkit
J2ME platform JavaTM 2 Platform, Micro Edition http://java.sun.com/j2me/
J2SE (standard edition) J2EE (enterprise edition)
LAPDm Link Access Protocol for Dm channel
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (both control/data packet thru UDP)
cf. PPTP control packet via TCP, data packet uses GRE via IP
LOM Learning Object Metadata
http://ltsc.ieee.org/doc/wg12/LOM-WD3.htm
MAC Media Access Control address
MARC MAchine Readable Cataloging
MCU Multipoint Conferencing Unit
Megaco Media Gateway control
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a music industry standard communications
protocol that lets MIDI instruments and sequencers (or computers running
sequencer software) talk to each other to play and record music.
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions: S/MIME(Secure)
MIME extends the format of Internet mail to allow non-US-ASCII
textual messages, non-textual messages, multipart message bodies,
and non-US-ASCII information in message
http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/MIME/MIME.html
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service (Nokia)
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MINC Multilingual Internet Names Consortium
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MRP Material Requirement Planning
NAP Network Access Point
NARA National Archives and Records Administration
NCSA National Computational Science Alliance (formerly National Center
for Supercomputing Applications) one of the two knowledge
centers under the new PACI program (to build a national
technology grid, integrating instruments, computers,
communications and databases via Internet (&NGI) to form a
powerful PSE and collaborative scientific experiments.)
NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure
NPACI New Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, UCSD
Another PACI program center, develops a knowledge-based Info.
Infrastructure to link HPComputers, data servers and archival
storage systems, providing access to distributed computing power
and info. resources.
NIC Network Information Center
NPIC National Infrastructure Protection Center
OC3 155M OC12 622M OC48 2.4G OC192 9.6G OC768 40G
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
OIL Ontology Inference Layer is obviously a semantic web technology, and
according to the OIL FAQ OIL is intended to solve the findability problem, support e-commerce, and enable knowledge management http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tmrdfoildaml.html
OLE Object Link and Embedding: OLE Automation allows applications to communicate, exchange data, and control one another. It allows a client application to create and control an object, using the exposed object's interface. An Automation object is an object that is exposed to other applications or programming tools through Automation interfaces.
PACI Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure NSF 1997
PACS Picture Archiving Communication System
PAP Password Authentication Protocol
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PCS Personal Communication System
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDF Portable Document Format
PDM Product Data Management
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PGP Pretty Good Privacy (secure and signed E-mail transmission) Philip Zimmermann, the inventor of the encryption protocol, left Network Associates and joins Hush Communication, Dublin-Ireland based.
PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor - free server-side HTML embedded scripting
language.
PLMN Public Land for Mobile Networks
PICS Platform for Internet Content Selection
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
POP Point of Presence
POS Packet over SONET
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PSO Protocol Support Organization (See ASO, DNSO)
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTO Public Telecommunications Operator
PWM Pulse Width Modulation www.instantweb.com/o/oddparts/acsi/defines/pwm.htm
P3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Project
RDF Resource Description Framework
An infrastructure that enables the encoding, exchange and reuse of structured metadata (D-Lib magazine, May 1998, www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html
An application of XML that imposes structural constraints to provide unambiguous methods of expressing semantics. (Defines a resource as any object uniquely identifiable by a URI-uniform resource identifier)
RPM Regenerative Power & Motion
(http://home.earthlink.net/~fradella/homepage.htm)
RTR Response Time Reporter (Cisco’s tool incorporated in hardware OS)
RTR has a number of capabilities, but in essence what it does is send out network echo response packets, gathers the response information and then provides a basic report. It's also possible to measure jitter (variations in the timing between electronic pulses that can introduce errors), variation in delay and packet loss across the network, as well as create custom packets that mimic the behaviour of traffic generated by specific applications.
RSI Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)。中文釋為重複施緊傷害。
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
SAP Service Access Points
SAP Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing.
SAS Subscribers’ Auditing System
SCM Supply Chain Management
SCORM Shareable Content Object Reference Model Initiative http://xml.coverpages.org/scorm.html
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEER Scholars Engaged in Electronic Resources
SET Secure Electronic Transaction
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
SIP Session Initiation Protocol ENUM
SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C) 1.0
SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (for use in Mapping genetic distinctions)
SNP Security Network Protocols developed by Chiao Tung Univ.
SOHO Small Office Home Office
SOP Standards of Procedure
SS7 common channel signaling system #7 (or C7)
SSO Single Sign On
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
STARTAP Science, Technology and Research Transit Access Point
STS Sequence of Tagged Sites (STS content mapping) http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/94SANTA/informatics/alizadeh.html
STM Synchronous Transfer Mode
SVG scalable vector graphics http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/ (Available as: PDF, zip archive of HTML)
SyncML SyncML is intended as a common language which enables the smooth and efficient synchronization of personal and business information over fixed or mobile networks. Its aim is to facilitate the synchronization of networked information with various devices running SyncML compatible applications. (NoKia)
UMLS Unified Medicine Language System (National Library of Medicine)
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access (See also CDMA)
TEI Text Encoding Initiative
UCAID University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
(Internet 2) complements NGI
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supplies
VBNS very high speed Backbone Network Service
VAI VBNS Approved Institution
VPI VBNS Partner Institution
VRML Virtual Reality Markup (Modeling) Language
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WfMC Workflow Management Coalition http://www.wfmc.org/
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WML Wireless Markup Language (a compressed XML)
WSP Wireless Service Provider
XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML Extensible Markup Language
XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language (W3C)
An XSL sheet and automatically generate a table of contents by
Extracting all chapter titles from a document. (transform document
Structure) see CSS
XSLT XSL Transformation
Anyone using XML can now take advantage of XSLT, a powerful new tool for manipulating, converting or styling documents, XPath adds a simple way of referring to parts of an XML document. Together, they strike a fine balance between simplicity of use and underlying power."
YAC Yeast Artificial Chromosome library http://www.cephb.fr/ceph_yac.html