Conus saecularis Melvill, 1898
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. an Phil. Soc. xlii, no. 4, p. 10, pl. I, f. 23
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Persian Gulf
Type Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 29 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-BathyconusSpecies:-saecularis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-W. Thailand, and N. E. Malaysia; Ryukyu Is., Philippines, Solomon Is., and Papua New Guinea.
Habitat:-Found at depths of 80-400 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl narrowly conical to conical, sometimes approaching pyriform; right side nearly straight in outline, occasionally slightly concave at base; left side usually concave in outline, sometimes straight to slightly convex below shoulder. Siphonal canal often deflected to the dorsal side. Shoulder sharply angulate to carinate, with a deep exhalent notch. Spire of moderate height to high, usually stepped; outline concave. Larval shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm.First 5-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with radial threads crossing 0-1 increasing to 3-6 spiral grooves. Entire last whorl with weak axially striate spiral grooves separating distinct ribs at base, narrow ribbons below shoulder and wider ribbons inbetween.
Ground colour white, usually suffused with grey. Last whorl with spiral rows of yellowish brown to dark brown dots, spots and bars fusing into 2-4 spiral bands, below shoulder, at base and on both sides of centre; the central bands are most consistently present. Some shells have pronounced spiral rows of brown dots and dashes from base to shoulder; some rows with distinct white articulations. Shoulder usually with a row of widely spaced reddish brown dots. Largely white shells with sparse ornamentation on last whorl intergrade with heavily maculated shells. Larval whorls usually beige to light brown.Postnuclear sutural ramps with yellowish brown to dark brown radial markings, sometimes producing regularly spaced dark dots at outer margin.Aperture translucent or white.
Shell Morphometry
L 23-40 mm
RW 0.03-0.08 g/mm
(L 23-36 mm)
RD 0.45-0.59
PMD 0.86-0.96
RSH 0.14-0.28
Discussion:-C. saecularis is most similar to the larger C. comatosa (to 50 mm), and small individuals of the two species from Philippines are difficult to distinguish. C. comatosa has a rather pyriform last whorl with a mostly more convex outline adapically; the position of the maximum diameter is generally located closer to the base (PMD 0.78-0.88), and the left side is concave only basally. Its last whorl pattern has usually 4 spiral colour bands, its ground colour is white rather than shaded with grey, and its larval shell is broader (1.1 mm) and white rather than beige to light brown.
C. saecularis may be similar to C. insculptus in shell morphometry but can be distinguished by the outline of its last whorl that is straight rather than convex at the right side and concave rather than sigmoid at the left side; the last whorl is rather uniformly coloured in C. insculptus, while it has spiral rows of dots, spots and bars fusing into 2-4 spiral bands in C. saecularis.
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Conus sagarinoi Fenzan, 2005
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in ANSP Bill Fenzan
Published in: La Conchiglia xxxvi, no. 311, p. 15
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Aliguay Island, Phillipines
Type Data: Holotype in ANSP deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 26 x 13 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus terryni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name sagarinoi
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Conus sagei Korn, W. & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: La Conchiglia xxv, no. 268, p. 37, f. 5a-5c, pl. 1, f. 7-8
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Aden off Northern Somalia.
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 8.7 x 4.6 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-LilliconusSpecies:-sagei
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Somalia
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Shell very small, turbinate and light. Last whorl usually broadly conical; outline slightly convex adapically, straight right side and slightly concave left side below. Shoulder angulate, smooth to unndulate. Subshoulder costae absent. Spire high slightly stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Protoconch of 2 whorls. Specimens of about 9mm with 6 teleoconch whorls Spiral whorls smooth becoming concave with 1-2 waek grooves. Last whorl with spiral ribs on basal third; Early spire whorls brown becoming white with brown flecks on outer margin. Last whorl white with two broad orange brown bands. Midbody area somtimes with white band ornamented with reddish dashes. Some specimens with lines of white brown dashes around whorl.
Discussion:-C. sagei is separated from other small cones by its broad, flat to concave spire tops
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Conus saharicus Petuch & Berschauer 2016
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in LACM David Berschauer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Festivus, Vol. 48, Issue 2, p. 93-99, fig. 2
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality:Dahkla (formerly Villa Cisneros), western side of Dahkla Bay, Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara), western coast of Sahara Desert, northwestern Africa
Type Data: Holotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 27.4 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-LautoconusSpecies:-saharicus
Synonyms:
Geographic Range:- W. Sahara
Habitat:-Quiet, sheltered intertidal areas in Dahkla Bay, under large slabs of sandstone along the shoreline
Description:-Source Original Description
Shell of average size for genus, stocky, inflated, bulbous, only slightly glossy, with matte finish; shoulder broad, rounded, only slightly angled; spire low, broadly pyramidal; body whorl smooth and silky, with 20-24 very fine, low, closely-packed spiral threads around anterior end; body whorl base color dark sky blue or deep bluish-green, overlaid with numerous large, dark brown amorphous flammules, generally evenly-spaced and arranged in zebra-like pattern; brown flammules often composed of 3 sections, being broader and wider along edge of the shoulder, around midbody, and around anterior end, creating effect of 3 broken spiral bands of flammules;spire whorls base color dark sky blue, heavily marked with thick, evenly-spaced dark brown crescent-shaped flammules, producing distinctive checkered appearance; aperture proportionally wide and flaring, colored deep purple-brown on interior; inner edge of lip colored pale yellow white; purple-brown interior marked with single narrow white band just anterior of mid-body line; periostracum thin, pale yellow, transparent.
Discussion:-
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Conus sahlbergi da Motta & Harland, 1986
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in AMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., no. 6, p. 19, f. 8-11
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Bimini, Bahamas; 3-10 m
Type Data: Holotype in AMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 15. 5x 8.7 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-PurpuriconusSpecies:-sahlbergi
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas
Habitat:-Found at depths of 3 -12 m
Description:-Source original description
Shell small with depressed conic spire and roseate protoconch; whorls tops smooth except for last two being concave with arcuate striae. Sutures are shallow channels. Body whorl is smooth and glossy with an angulate sharply keeled shoulder; sides are flat then tapering with 6 basal sulci. Colour is polymorphic ranging form plain orange or yellow to white, purple and greenish tan and spire tinted in same colour. There is pale middle spiral band of interconnected blotches; the spire of white specimens is somewhat mottled brown. Aperture coloured internally same as body whorl.
Discussion:
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Conus salletae Cossignani, 2014
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Malacologia 82, p. 25 - 26
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality:Espingueira, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
Type Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra Marittima
Type Size: 15,5 x 9,3 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-AfriconusSpecies:-salletae
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Only known from the type locality
Habitat:-The specimens studied were found to be 0.5 to 2 meters deep, on rocks
Description:-Source: Original description Malacologia
Shell pyriform small ( 14 to 24 mm ) spire low profile with barely concave shape; protoconch almost flat, sutures slightly cut; aperture wider than species of the same genus and that starts from the shoulder without step evident, with internal staining blue-violet with darker medial band. 8 grooves spirally run anteriorly around whorl. The coloring of the shell is plain mostly brown to dark brown (lighter in young specimens ) with a lighter median band.
Discussion:-
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Conus salreiensis Rolán, 1980
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Boll.Malacol.xvi, no. 3-4, p. 84, . pl. 2, f. 1, pl. 3, f. 3 & 6
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Sal-Rei, Boavista Is., Cape Verde Is.; 1-2 m
Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 20.1 x 11.9 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-AfriconusSpecies:-salreiensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Boavista, Cape Verde Islands
Habitat:-It is found on the rocks in depth of one or two meters being almost always covered with small rocks and on the algae, and rarely buried.
Description:-Source Original description from the Spanish
Seashell obconical, moderately solid, with silhouette of almost straight edges, shoulder rounded, spire low and somewhat concave, with sharp apex; suture slightly marked. The spire whorls present constantly three spiral striae to each suture. Some low spiral ribs near the anterior tip.
The color and pattern are quite characteristic and constant: a dark brown zone that is situated in the anterior third of the seashell; another of the same color in the posterior near the shoulder, and of the same color on the spire whorls; between both zones a lighter part, at times crossed by one (or two) brown bands more or less marked; this clear axial zone, is of constant form in all the specimens crossed by numerous fine wavy lines and clearly visible with magnification. The variations of color depend on the brown bands that vary from almost nonexistent, becoming very marked. In the small specimens, the absence of bands in the central zone of the seashell, is frequent.
The interior is generally light, revealing sometimes the underlying lilac or violet color; columela always black.
The larger specimens are found covered with calcareous concretions , on the other hand the juveniles show perfectly the pattern under the periostracum.
Discussion:
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Conus salzmanni Raybaudi G. (Massilia) & Rolán, 1997
Pictures:
Picture Link: Picture Original Description
Published in: Argonauta ix p. 11, f. 1-14, 18, 30, 31, 36-38
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Gulf of Aden; 50-150 m
Type Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 33 x 15.5 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-PhasmoconusSpecies:-salzmanni
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Djibouti, Little Aden and Somalia
Habitat:-Found at depths to 150 m
Description:-Original description.
Shell: Moderately small to medium sized (up to 39 mm in length). Moderately solid. Last whorl conical, sides slightly convex adapically, then straight. Shoulder angulate. Spire moderately low (Relative spire height 0.11-0.15), outline straight or very slightly concave. Protoconch smooth, with 1.75 to 2 whorls, counted from the origin, maximum diameter 0. 6 -0.7 mm. Postnuclearwhorls smooth, 9-10 in the holotype. Teleoconch sutural ramps straight, with about 3 to 5 shallow subsutural spiral grooves. Last whorl smooth at adapical half, with evenly spaced, weak spiral ribs in adults, and with more pronounced spiral ribs extending onto subshoulder in subadults, to shoulder area in juveniles. Aperture narrow, of uniform width.
Ground colour white, beige or bluish grey. Last whorl with spiral rows of light brown dots and bars evenly. distributed from shoulder to base. Bars in adjacent rows above the centre may coalesce into irregular blotches. Spire stained with scattered radial brown spots. Larval shell brownish grey.Aperture white to dark brown or purplish brown within a lighter collabral edge.Periostracum brownish, thin, translucent, and smooth.Operculum small.
Discussion:-C. salzmanni has since been misinterpreted as a local form of C. inscriptus from Aden (E. A. Smith. 1891. However, C. inscriptus and its Eastem African subspecies C. inscriptus adenensis, which occurs sympatrically with C. salzmanni, both have a multispiral, ('up to 3 whorls in shells from Mozambique..Rockel et al. 1995), wider (maximum diameter about 0.9 mm) and generally a white larval shell.and weakly to distinctly tuberculate early 2-4 postnuclear whorls.
C. i. inscriptus from central Indian localities attains shell length almost double than C. salzmanni, tends to have broader, more ventricose last whorl (Relative diameter up to 0.68) and a concave to sigmoid spire outline. Sympatrical shells of C. inscriptus adenensis also have a higher (Relative spire height: 013 -0.23, vs. 0. 15- 0.16) and more concave spire. a heavier spiral sculpture of ribs and ribbons on their last whor1s and often a very deep pink inner aperture.
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Conus samiae da Motta, 1982
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio
Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac., no. 1, p. 12, f. 11
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Balut Is., Mindanao, Philippines; ca. 200 m
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 57.5 x 34 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus sulcatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-AsprellaSpecies:-sulcatus samiae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines and Solomon Is.
Habitat:-Reported in depths of 20 to 240 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. sulcatus
Form samiae with rows of brown spots on spiral elevations of last whorl, fusing or concentrating into 2-3 spiral bands. Larval whorls and adjacent postnucelar sutural ramps immaculate, following sutural ramps maculated with brown radial markings, ranging from mainly brown to mainly white. Aperture white.
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus sanctaemarthae Vink, 1977
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in RNHL Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Zool. Meded. (Leiden), ii, no. 5, p. 91, pl. 1, f. 5, pl. 4, f. 4-6
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Ten km. north of Santa Marta, Colombia.
Type Data: Holotype in RNHL deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 53 x 29.2 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus mappa [Lightfoot], 1786 or Conus granarius Kiener, 1845
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-SeminoleconusSpecies:-mappa sanctaemarthae forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
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Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN Mike Filmer
Published in: Bijdr.Dierkd. xlix, no. 2, p. 255, f. 1-6, 10
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Off St. James, West Barbados; 155-180 m
Type Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 21.1 x 11.2 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Dauciconus Species:-sanderi
Synonyms:- hunti Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979; knudseni Sander, 1982; sorenseni Sander, 1982; and according to Filmer: carioca Petuch, 1986; perprotractus Petuch, 1987
Geographic Range:-Barbados
Habitat:-Dredged from sand and shell gravel- rubble bottoms at depths of 45 to 180 m.
Description:-Source Vink
A slender shell, 20 to 35 mm (50 mm in Brazilian specimens near the southern limit of the range), with low to moderate, sharply pointed, concave spire and rather straight sides of the body whorl. Shoulder angulate, body whorl smooth except for spiral ridges near the base, which in some specimens may cover the whole body whorl. Tops of the whorls with 4 to 5 spiral striae, sometimes obscured by fine concave growth lines. Nucleus: 2 1/2 whorls; axial sculpture on the sides of the first 2 to 4 postnuclear whorls; sculpture often not apparent because of erosion, but first 3 postnuclear whorls always with high sides, the shoulder distinctly overhanging the suture of the next whorl. Colour and pattern highly variable.
Discussion:-
C. hunti was described in same paper as C. sanderi and Wils stated differences as:-C. hunti is purplish and has spiral grooves over whole body of last whorl while sanderi is yellowish orange with grooves only on basal area.
C. sorensi is a large white form from Barbados.
C. knudseni is a white form with straight sides and very pale orange broad bands from Barbados.
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Conus sandwichensis Walls, 1978
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in DMNH Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Pariah no. 2, p. 3, pl. (on p. 7)
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Pokai Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Type Data: Holotype in DMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14.4 x 7 mm
Nomenclature: An Available name
Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus suturatus Reeve, 1844 or a valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-TesselliconusSpecies:-sandwichensis
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Hawaii
Habitat:-Found under reefs to 150 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. suturatus
C. s. sandwichensis differs in its less solid shell with a strictly conical, narrower and more straight-sided last whorl and a moderately high, stepped spire. Subadults from Hawaii have more pronounced sculpture on the last whorl, with spiral grooves extending to shoulder; intervening ribs usually with minute granules
Source Walls
C. s. sandwichensis matches C. s. suturatus in pattern, except for mostly darker spiral bands on last whorl, a pale orange-brown base, and a usually maculated spire.
C. suturatus suturatus body whorl usually ovate or ovately conical, the sides convex; spire low/flat pattern of two three spiral bands of pale tan to dark pink tan on white or pink lacking reddish or orange rectangles on top of bands; opaque white spots seldom developed; Indo west Pacific;
C. suturatus sandwichensis Body whorl low conical, narrow, the sides straight; spire tall with straight/concave sides; pattern of two broad spiral bands of pale tan to pinkish tan on white;juveniles and many adults with numerous rectangles of brown or orange over the bands or entire shell; spots of opaque white in juveniles;sometimes weakly granulose;
Hawaiian Islands;