Conus abbai Poppe & Tagaro, 2011
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Original Description
Published in: Visaya 3(3), 83
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Solor Island, Indonesia
Type Data: Holotype in IRSN deposited and catalogued
Type Size:34.5 x 16.4mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-EugeniconusSpecies:-nobilis abbai forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Indonesia
Habitat:-No Data
Description:-Source Original description
Shells average in size or the group of Conus to which they belong (sensu Tucker & Tenorio 2009 Eugeniconus). The types measure between 33.7 and 52.1 mm in length. Last whorl.conical in shape, almost conoid-cylindrical. Shoulder carinate. Spire low, outline slightly concave. The apex projects from an almost flat spire. Larval shell of about two whorls, tilted. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, slightly concave in the later whorls, with pronounced axial threads. The last whorl with weak spira1 grooves near the siphonal canal. Base color of the shell is white, covered with a brown pattem that only leaves small tents white and with either a dark brown or purple fleck near the siphonal canal, well visible on the ventral side. The white tents are dispersed all over the shell but flock together in three denser zones, forming spiral bands of white dots, one below the shoulder, one at mid-whorl and near the siphonal canal. All shells have a dark brown zone on the shoulder and on top of the last whorllarge white flecks. In some specimens, bands with the typical victor pattern appear but not in black, only in dark brown. The upper teleoconch whorls are more pale than the rest of the shells. Inside of the aperture white.
Discussion:-According to the description the new subspecies can be distinguished at once from all other subspecies of C. nobilis by the sparse and very small white tents on the brown background. In my opinion it is a mere form of the latter.
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Conus abbas Hwass in Bruguiere,1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers., Vol. 1, p. 750
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Grandes Indes
Type Data: Neotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size:60.5x33mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-CylinderSpecies:-abbas
Synonyms:- grisea Dautzenberg, 1937
Geographic Range:-S. India and Sri Lanka to Indonesia (Java, Bali)
Habitat:-Shallow water to about 50 m; on coral reefs, often beneath coral boulders.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to large, moderately solid to solid; relative weight of similarly sized specimens may vary by 40 %. Last whorl ventricosely conical to ovate or slightly pyriform; outline convex at adapical third, less so below, and straight to slightly concave at base. Shoulder subangulate to angulate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave to nearly straight. Larval shell with a maximum diameter of 0.8-0.9 mm. First 3-6 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1-2 increasing to 6-12 (or more) weak spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably prominent spiral ribs near base; sometimes additional spiral striae from base to shoulder.
Ground colour white to bluish grey, with axial blue streaks or flames on last whorl. Last whorl with a fine brown to violet- brown reticulate pattern, forming many small rhomboid and tentlike ground colour markings and sparse larger tents. Yellowish brown to brown blotches usually grouped in 2 or occasionally 3-4 spiral bands, interspersed with broad dark brown axial lines and sometimes also with finer spiral lines. Apex pinkish orange. Postnuclear sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern; pattern often only of marginal dots in early whorls. Aperture white, occasionally bluish-white or cream deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-84 mm
RW 0.16-0.50 g/mm (L 40-76 mm)
RD 0.56-0.68
PMD 0.72-0.85
RSH 0.11-0.15
Discussion:-C. abbas resembles C. canonicus, C. textile and C. dalli. C. canonicus can be distinguished by its more straight-sided and usually conoid-cylindrical last whorl, its pink aperture, and by the small round instead of rhomboid markings of the last whorl pattern. In addition, C. canonicus lacks prominent marginal dots in its early postnuclear whorls.
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Conus abbotti Clench,1942
Pictures:.
Picture Link: Holotype in MCZ Alan Kohn
Published in: Johnsonia 1, p. 6. pl. 4, f. 2 & 3
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Arthurstown, Cat Is., Bahamas
Type Data: Holotype in MCZ deposited and catalogued
Type Size:42x25.3mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form ofConus jucundus Sowerby iii, 1887
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Purpuriconus Species:-jucundus abbotti forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Bahamas Platform
Habitat:-Shallow reefs
Description:-Source Cone Shells Walls 1979 C. jucundus
Moderate weight,thick, with good gloss in fresh specimens; pyriform or low conical, shoulder wide tapering strongly to base; broad spiral ridges basally sometimes granulose and extending posteriorly; spire low, sides straight, sometimes weakly stepped; spire whorls with large low indistinct coronations; body whorl red pink or pale red brown, occasionly olive dark brown;white spiral bands at base midbody shoulder, usually comprising white blotches containing brown spots and streaks; occasionally larger brown spots and axial flammules; spire with alternating blotches of white aand red brown suffused pink;aperture moderate uniform; outer lip convex, fragile; mouth fades violet to pinkish rose; columella not visible.
C.j. fm. abbotti is largely white/pink with red brown dots forming axial flammules; has granulose ridges demarked with distinct spiral lines of brown dots.
Discussion:-The shell somewhat resembles C. inconstans but the brown flecked white mid-body band is broader, the spire more concave and the body whorl more triangular in shape. (The body whorl of C. inconstans is often more turnip-shaped, the sides tapering to a narrow base).
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Conus abbreviatus Reeve, 1843
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch. Icon., i., Conus, pl. 16, sp. 86
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Wahoo, Sandwich Islands, (Oahu, Hawaii)
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size:34x22mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Miliariconus Species:-abbreviatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Hawaiian Archipelago; probably Fanning Is. and Enewetak, Marshall Islands.
Habitat:-Abundant on intertidal benches and common on subtidal reef platforms, where size is larger; occurring mainly to 15 m, a few specimens have been dredged in 100 m (Kohn & Weaver, 1962). C. abbreviatus inhabits mainly sand and algal turf on reef limestone (Kohn, 1959 b). C. abbreviatus feeds exclusively on polychaetes, mainly Eunicidae and Nereidae.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium-sized, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually broadly conical, outline variably convex. Shoulder angulate to rounded, tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Larval shell of about 4 whorls. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2 increasing to 3-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak to obsolete spiral ribs on basal third; in smaller specimens, followed by spaced punctate grooves up to shoulder.
Ground colour bluish grey. Last whorl with 2-3 paler spiral bands, at shoulder, below centre and often within adapical third. Very fine brown or olive axial lines usually forming spiral bands above base, centrally and below pale subshoulder band. Variably spaced spiral rows of dark brown dots extending from base to shoulder. Teleoconch sutural ramps with inconspicuous brown dots or fine axial lines between tubercles. Aperture brownish violet, with pale bands below shoulder and at centre.
Shell Morphometry
L 20-58 mm
RW 0.10-0.50 g/mm (L 18-45 mm)
RD 0.70-0.83
PMD 0.83-0.92
RSH 0.09-0.22
Periostracum yellow, thin, and translucent.
Foot pale brown; siphon pale brown, tinged with pink (Kohn, 1959a).
Radular teeth with an adapical barb opposite a long narrow blade extending halfway down the shaft; serration occurs on the inner margin close to the apex; base with a spur (James, 1980).
Discussion:-The endemic Hawaiian species C. abbreviatus is closely related to C. miliaris, which is not known from Hawaii and differs in its smaller maximum size (ca. 40 mm), variously granulose surface and intermittent white dashes usually present within the dotted brown lines around the last whorl, and in the colour pattern of its animal. In spite of a 30-day pelagic period observed both in C. miliaris and C. abbreviatus, and occasional dispersal of C. abbreviatus to the Marshall and Line Is., no intermediates between these two species are known.
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Conus abrolhosensis Petuch,1987
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: New Carib. Moll. Faunas, p. 142, pl. 28, f. 7 & 8.
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Parcel das Paredes, Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil; 20 m
Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued
Type Size:12x6mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym of Conus brasiliensis Clench, 1942
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name abrolhosensis
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Conus achatinus Gmelin,1791
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed., Vol. 1, pt, p. 3386
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: American Ocean, (erroneous), corrected (C, M & W) Java, (Indonesia).
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Chemnitz (1788: Pl.142 fig.1317)
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-PionoconusSpecies:-achatinus
Synonyms:- achatinus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; ranunculus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792;
Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean: Mozambique and Tanzania to W. Australia (absent from the Red Sea); W. Pacific: Philippines to Melanesia and N. and N.E. Australia.
Habitat:-Intertidal and uppermost subtidal; inhabiting sand under rocks, coral rubble and crevices beneath corals. Reported to occur in mixed colonies with C. monachus in E. New Britain (Richards, 1989). C. achatinus is known to prey on small fishes (Kohn & Nybakken, 1975). Egg capsules (N. Australia) within the same cluster vary from 10 x7 mm to 12-13x6-7 mm; capsules of larger females measure 17x13 mm or 19x10 mm. Capsules attached individually to hard substrate.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Medium-sized to moderately large (usually larger in India than in the Pacific), moderately solid to solid (lightest specimens from N. Australia). Last whorl usually ventricosely conical; outline slightly to distinctly convex. Specimens from N. Australia with narrowest last whorls, specimens from Oman broadest. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire of moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Larval shell of about 2.5 whorls. About first 5-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2 increasing to 4-6 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably spaced smooth to granulose spiral ribs at base, occasionally to shoulder.
Ground colour white. Last whorl with large axial clouds of olive or orangish tan to blackish brown. Surface pattern emphasized by bordering blue-grey background clouds. In some subadult specimens, ground orange to red; reddish colouration may persist to the adult stage. Spiral rows of alternating dark and light coloured dots and dashes extend from base to shoulder, on spiral ribs where these occur, producing a pronounced lineate pattern. Some specimens highly speckled by scattered white flecks. Larval shell white in E. Africa and Oman, grey to pale brown in India and W. Thailand, grey to red or orange in the Philippines, translucent grey in W. Australia, grey to orange in N. Australia and pale reddish brown in the Solomon Islands. Teleoconch spire with radial markings, matching surface and background clouds of last whorl in colour; on early postnuclear sutural ramps, maculation often reduced to regularly set dots at outer margin. Aperture white to bluish grey.
Shell Morphometry
L 40-82 mm
RW 0.13-0.52 g/mm
RD 0.54-0.69
(N. Australia 0.54-0.59, Oman 0.62-0.69, other localities 0.56-0.65)
PMD 0.73-0.86
RSH 0.11-0.19
Discussion:-
The achatinus-complex has been revised by Monnier, Limpalaër & Robin in Xenophora Taxonomy 1, 2013.
Pioconus arafurensis, Pioconus rouxi and Pioconus koukae are described as valid species; Pioconus Barbara and Pioconus vinctus were re-established as valid species; see there.
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Conus aculeiformis Reeve,1844
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Conch. Icon. I, Conus, pl. 44, sp. 240
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Cagayan, Philippines.
Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size:38x15mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-BathyconusSpecies:-aculeiformis
Synonyms:-delicatus Schepman, 1913
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, SE India, S Indonesia
Habitat:-Offshore. In 50-100 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Description: Moderately small to medium-sized, light. Last whorl narrowly conical, outline almost straight. Shoulder angulate to carinate, with a deep exhalent notch. Spire of moderate height, outline variably concave. Larval Shell of 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. Early postnuclear whorls often stepped. Teleoconch sutural ramps tlat to slightly concave, with 1-3 increasing to 2-5 partly fine spiral grooves. Last whorl with widely spaced, axially striate spiral grooves separating very flat ribbons and extending from base to shoulder.
Ground colour cream or beige. Last whorl with spiral rows of brown squarish to rectangular spots on ribbons, often fused into an interrupted spiral band on each side of center. Teleoconch spire matching last whorl in pattern. larval whorls grey to beige. Postnuclear sutural ramps with connected brown radial blotches. Aperture pale brown, sometimes darker deep within.
Shell Morphometry
L 28-38 mm
RW 0.03-0.05 g/mm
RD 0.40-0.47
PMD 0.86-0.95
RSH 0.17-0.22
Discussion:
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Conus acuminatus Hwass in Bruguiere,1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Chemnitz (1788, pl. 140, fig. 1297)
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers., Vol. 1, p. 688
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Red Sea Indian Ocean, mainly Amboina and the Moluccas, (Indonesia), (erroneous), corrected (C, M & W) Red Sea coast of North Yemen.
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Chemnitz (1788: Pl. 140 fig. 1297)
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus locumtenens Blumenbach, 1791
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name acuminatus
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Conus acutangulus Lamarck,1810
Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in MNHN Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 286
Ocean geography:Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Mers des Grandes Indes
Type Data: Neotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size:27 x 12.5mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-TurriconusSpecies:-acutangulus
Synonyms:- turriculatus Sowerby ii, 1866; gemmulatus Sowerby, 1870
Geographic Range:-Indo-W Pacific
Habitat:-Usually in 3-100 m, adults sometimes in 0.5-5 m, juveniles sometimes as deep as 180 m. On coral or shell sand often mixed with coral rubble, on muddy sand and on fine shell rubble with seaweed .
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small to medium-sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical to broadly conical or slightly pyriform; outline nearly straight to slightly sigmoid. Shoulder angulate to carinate, smooth to tuberculate, with a deep exhalent notch. Spire usually high, outline variably concave. Larval shell of 3.5-4 whorls, maximum diameter of 0.8-0.9 mm. First 8-10 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, following whorls undulate to smooth. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 0 increasing to 3-6 spiral grooves crossed by arcuate radial threads. Last whorl with strong spiral ribbons or ribs, separated by narrow to occasionally broad spiral grooves with strong axial threads.
Ground colour white. Last whorl variably patterned with light to dark brown: Largely brown except for small scattered ground-colour blotches at shoulder and centre, or white flecked with brown, or white spirally spotted with brown, or all white. Larval whorls white. Spire variably streaked with brown. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 22-38 mm
RW 0.04-0.13 g/mm
RD 0.65-0.75
PMD 0.80-0.93
RSH 0.23-0.37
Discussion:-C. acutangulus resembles C. milesi, C. praecellens, C. tuberculosus, and C. helgae. C. milesi is smaller (to 27 mm) and has a narrower last whorl (RD 0.49-0.59) and a paucispiral larval shell (1.75-2 whorls). C. praecellens is larger (to 63 mm) and differs in the absence of tubercles on its late postnuclear whorls, the greater number of spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps, and in the lower number of whorls of its larval shell (about 2.5 whorls).
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Conus acutimarginatus Sowerby ii,1866
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Alan Kohn
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 328, pl. 27 (288), f. 640 & 641
Ocean geography:West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Florida, Mrs Tombe Taylor from type label. Subsequently designated Islas Chimanas, Estado Anzoategui, Venezuela
Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued
Type Size:20.5x10.5mm
Nomenclature:An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Conus Species:-acutimarginatus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Brasil, Venezuela.Probably restricted to the beaches of eastern Venezuela and nearby archipelago.
Habitat:-Found on muddy or sandy bottom at depths of 0 to 10m.
Description:-Source Vink
A small shell, 15 to 20 mm, with a slightly convex body whorl and a not very high rather straight-sided spire. Tops of the whorls flat to slightly concave, shoulder of body whorl sharply angled. The outer lip widens anteriorly and is often slightly curved in the middle. Body whorl with regularly spaced grooves which in most specimens extended from the base to the shoulder. Very rarely some granulation can be noticed on the ridges between the grooves.
Colour greyish white to purplish white with irregular axial patches of dark brown, also brown maculations on the spire. In some specimens narrow spiral lines of very faint white dashes can be distinguished.
Discussion:-C. acutimarginatus could be confused with C. mindanus and C. pusio (which have a different coloration and only regularly spaced grooves near the base of the body whorl), C. pealii (which has a slightly higher, more stepped spire and an outer lip which does not widen anteriorly) and C. nodiferus (which often has distinct brown spots at the shoulder and a more narrow base). The relationship between C. acutimarginatus and C. nodiferus must be further investigated.