Basketball Study Sheet
History: Basketball was originated by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian (who moved to America in 1890), who created the game to fulfill a class assignment. Originally, a large number of men composed two teams and were allowed to bat, pass, and throw the ball in an attempt to get the ball into each basket goals. The basket goals were peach baskets nailed to the end of the gym. Women soon after started playing the game.
The Game:
-played with 2 teams of 5 players each.
-begins with one person from each team jumping for the ball in the center restraining circle.
-each team tries to get the ball and move it by passing or dribbling so a player can shoot it into the basket at her end of the court.
-the team without the ball tries to keep the opposing team from scoring as it tries to intercept the ball.
-all players play the entire court area.
Players:
-2 forwards. Forwards are good inside and outside shooters, good rebounders.
-2 guards. Guards are good ball handlers, good outside shooters, and quick players.
-1 center. Centers are good inside shooters and good rebounders.
The Time: A game consists of four 8 minute quarters.
Scoring:
-The score for a team is the total of its field goals and free throws. The team with the largest score at the end of the game wins.
-Baskets are called field goals and free throws.
-Baskets can be worth 2 or 3 points
-Free throws are worth 1 point.
Fouls are an infringement of the rules. Most personal fouls include another person. Examples include: blocking, charging, hacking, holding, pushing and tripping.
-A person must sit out the rest of the game when she commits 5 fouls.
Violations are infringement of the rules but not including another player. After a violation the ball is awarded to the other team at the sideline closest to where the violation occurred. Examples include: traveling, double dribble, 3 second lane violation, holding the ball more than 5 seconds while closely guarded, kicking the ball, stepping on or over the boundary line, tapping the ball more than twice on a jump ball.
Terms:
Defense is the team without the possession of the ball.
Two types of defense: 1. Man to Man defense is when one defensive player guards one player from the other team. 2. Zone defense is when a defensive player is responsible for a certain AREA on the floor. She must keep any offensive player from entering her area to shoot.
Offense is the team with possession of the ball.
Feint is a fake in movement of the ball, body or eyes in order to mislead the opponent.
Guarding is a technique to cover an opponent. Stay between the opponent and the basket.
Lane is the rectangular area directly below the basket which marks the free throw lane.
Key includes the land and the half-circle directly below the basket.
Out of Bounds is when the ball leaves the court. The team that DID NOT touch the ball last throws it in from the spot it left the court.
Pivot is when a player holding the ball steps in any direction with the same foot. The other foot must remain in contact with the ground.
Throw In is a method of putting the ball in play by passing it into the court from out of bounds.
Traveling is walking, jumping, running, etc. while holding the ball.
Double Dribble is 1. dribbling the ball, stopping and dribbling again, 2. dribbling the ball with two hands at the same time.
3 Second Lane Violation is when a player is in the lane when their team has possession of the ball for more than 3 seconds.