Cell Structure & Infectious cells Study Guide
Complete the data chart & be able to identify all parts on a diagram of a cell.
Organelles / FunctionCytoplasm / Gel-like material that fills the cell & surrounds the organelles
Cell membrane / Allows material to enter or exit the cell & protects the contents of the cell
nucleus / Control center of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum / Transport materials & proteins around the cell
ribosomes / Builds proteins in the cell
mitochondria / Provides energy for the cell by breaking down sugar molecules in cellular respiration
chloroplast / Provides food for a plant cell by collecting energy from the sun during photosynthesis
Cell wall / Rigid material that surrounds a plant cell that gives it shape, support, & protection
vacuole / Stores food, water, & other materials in the cell
Golgi apparatus (body) / Packages & distributes proteins and other material in the cell
lysosomes / Break down larger particles to smaller particles for recycling in the cell
Complete the data chart
Specialized Cell / Functionblood / Carry oxygen and other material throughout the body
bone / Structure and movement
muscle / Attaches to bone and allows for movement
nerve / Detects stimuli from the environment and transmits information between cells
epithelial / Covers the surface of the body and the lining of internal organs
Complete the data chart
Pathogen / Add Another Example / Most used treatment / Brief Descriptionvirus / Influenza, cold, HIV, chicken pox / vaccine / Tiny particle with nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat that can only reproduce inside a living cell
bacteria / Strep throat, pneumonia, staph, conjunctivitis, tetanus / antibiotic / Prokaryotic cell with a cell wall that interferes with the normal function of a cell & reproduces by binary fission
fungus / Athlete’s foot, ringworm / Anti-fungal / Most are unicellular organisms that reproduce by spores
Protist/ parasite / Malaria, tapeworm, / Varies depending on the type, antimalarial drugs / An organism that requires a host to obtain nutrients to survive
1. What is the difference between an infectious disease & a non-infectious disease
Infectious can be spread from person to person & non-infectious cannot be spread
2. How are the following pathogens most often spread from organism to organism?
Virus: inhaling contaminated air, touch a contaminated object, coming in contact with a contaminated person, exchange of bodily fluids
Fungus: inhaling spores, or spores landing on your skin
Bacteria: inhaling contaminated air, biological vectors, contaminated objects, coming in contact with a contaminated person
Protist: contaminated food or water, biological vectors
3. What is the difference between an antibiotic and a vaccine?
Vaccines are weakened forms of a live virus/bacteria that creates an immune response that fights off the infection when the actual virus/bacteria enter your body, antibiotics weaken or kill bacteria only
4. What does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
The cell membrane allows certain materials to leave and enter the cell
5. Explain how plant and animal cells are different
Plant cells have a larger vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast for photosynthesis
6. List ways you can prevent an infection from a pathogen.
Wash hands, exercise, get rest, eat healthy, get check-ups, stay away from contaminated people,
vaccination
7. Describe how a virus infects the body.
Attaches to a cell membrane, injects genetic material, duplicates until the cell burst & dies, newly replicated viruses attack other cells
8. What is a biological vector? Give an example. An organism that carries a disease that can be passed to humans. Ex. Malaria is carried by mosquitoes
9. What is the negative affect of over-using of antibiotics? Bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics can be spread to other individuals and make the antibiotic ineffective
10. What are some positive ways that the following organisms can help in the environment or in industries?
A)Bacteria: healthy digestive systems, production of dairy products (cheese, yogurt), Oxygen for the environment, insulin production for diabetic patients
B)Fungus: Mold: used to make certain antibiotics
Yeast: use to make breads and alcohol from fermentation
11. Why are some antibiotics no longer effective against bacteria infestations? Overuse of certain antibiotics have killed off the less resistant bacteria allowing for the more resistant bacteria to pass along their DNA
12. In the equation, P4 + O2 à P2O3, if there are 20 g of P4 and 15 g of O2, how many grams of P2O3 will form? 35g
13. List groups on the periodic table will ionically bond together. Group 16 ionically bonds with group 2, Group1 ionically bonds with group 17 (metals and nonmetals)
14. Draw a displacement/time graph that represents positive acceleration
15. Name three gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor
16. Why is AC current used instead of DC in the power grid? AC current can travel from high to low voltages & it can changes directions
17. If you push a skateboard that has a mass of 60kg with a force of 6N, what force will the skateboard push back on you according to Newton’s third law of motion? _6N_(equal and opposite)
18. If two objects have different masses, which object is easier to accelerate? Which law supports your answer? The smaller mass (2nd Law)
19. The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is known as ___inertia__
20. Newton's first law of motion states that an object remains at rest unless a(n) _unbalanced__ force acts on it.
21. The statement "for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction" is a statement of Newton’s _3rd_ law
22. When a swimmer pushes the water back, the water pushes the swimmer forward. What is the reaction force to in this situation? water pushes the swimmer forward