Child Development: Chapter 3 Review
Section 1 - What is Parenting?
Authoritarian style
Democratic Style
Deprivation
Nurturing
Parenting
Permissive Style
Objectives:
-Explain how knowledge of child development is linked to reasonable expectations.
-Distinguish among different parenting styles.
-Identify ways to improve parenting skills.
-Describe how to nurture children.
Main Points:
-Parents must learn to adapt their parenting skill over time because skills they need change as children grow and develop and have different needs.
-It is important to understand child development so you can have reasonable expectations of children.
-An advantage of taking a course in parenting would be an opportunity to learn from a knowledge person. Also, you can gain exposure to varied parenting techniques.
-Providing enrichment is part of nurturing because it gives a child a chance to grow and development.
-Caregivers should avoid talking down to a child because he or she may not listen, or feel a lack of respect for the parent.
Section 2 – Guiding Children’s Behavior
Conscience
Guidance
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Self-discipline
Time-Out
Objectives:
-Explain the importance of consistency in guiding the children.
-Apply effective techniques for encouraging appropriate behavior.
-Explain how and why to set limits.
-Identify effective ways of dealing with misbehavior.
Main Points:
-Guidance is connected to conscience, because guidance helps to develop conscience.
-Consistency in guiding a child’s behavior is important because it shows that limits are real; and maintains trust in the caregiver.
-Four ways of encouraging appropriate behavior include: setting a good example, telling what is expected, praising appropriate behavior, offering choices.
-Four steps involved in setting limits include: showing understanding of the child’s desires, setting the limit and explaining it, acknowledge the child’s feelings, and giving alternatives.
-Punishment should be used when behavior is wrong in intentional and also after a warning has been given.
-The rule is one minute of time out for the same number of years the child is old.
-Bribing is an ineffective form of discipline because it can lead children to misbehave on purpose.
-Using words, speaking calmly, and counting to ten are acceptable ways to handle anger.
Section 3
Accreditation
Child care center
Family child care
Head Start
License
Montessori preschool
Nanny
Parent cooperative
Play group
Preschool subsidized child care
Objectives:
-Explain why people need substitute child care.
-Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the types of substitute care that are available.
Main Points
-Reasons for people to choose substitute care include: working single parent, two working parents.
-Advantages of home care are easier for child to adapt ore convenient and fewer children
-Advantages of family child care include home setting with social play.
-A play group is where parents provide care in turns and a parent cooperative is when parents provide care under professional’s guidance.
-Parents can find after-school programs for school-age children through schools, religions groups, and community groups.
-The difference between child care center and preschool are a child care center care for infants to three to four year old and preschools provide educational programs for three to five year olds.
-Parents should ask for references before deciding on substitute care to hear feedback from parents who know the caregiver.