Chapter 8 Reading Notes

  1. 1922
  2. They found 3 coffins inside each other. King Tut’s mummy was in the small one made of gold. The other rooms in the tomb had statues, weapons, and furniture.
  3. :
  4. Old Kingdom
  5. Middle Kingdom
  6. New Kingdom
  7. The Old Kingdom lasted 500 years, 2700-2200B.C.E
  8. Age of Pyramids
  9. Early pharaohs set up a strong central government. They also build pyramids and tombs for themselves.
  10. The Middle Kingdom lasted 200 years, 2000-1800 BCE
  11. Period of Reunification
  12. The Egyptians made many great achievements in literature, art, and architecture.
  13. The New Kingdom lasted 500 years, 1600-1100 BCE.
  14. Egypt’s Golden Age
  15. The New Kingdom was peaceful and stable. Egypt was very powerful and the pharaohs increased trade and built huge monuments.
  16. The pharaohs were believed to be gods. They owned all the land and were responsible for their people’s well-being.
  17. :
  18. Kings
  19. Generals (military leaders)
  20. Religious leaders
  21. 2551-2528 BCE, during the Old Kingdom.
  22. Khufu controlled a lot of government officials who carried out his laws. He also controlled the food supply.
  23. Building the Great Pyramid at Giza
  24. It was in the center of different temples and monuments. It was made with 2 million stone blocks and there were burial chambers inside.
  25. 20 years
  26. 1971-1926 BCE. He was a strong ruler.
  27. He controlled mines of gold, copper, and gems.
  28. They made beautiful pieces of jewelry with different stones.
  29. “The Story of Sinuhe” is about a young official who hears that people want to kill the pharaoh. He gets scared, flees Egypt, then comes back.
  30. His greatest accomplishments were in the arts and religious architecture.
  31. The White Chapel was a temple made of hard white stone. Artwork decorated the walls.
  32. Another pharaoh took it apart and used the pieces for his own monument.
  33. 1473-1458 B.C.E
  34. Hatshepsut was Egypt’s first female pharaoh.
  35. Gaining power as a woman.
  36. She only had loyal government advisors. Also, she demanded the same respect as a male ruler.
  37. She promoted trade with other countries.
  38. She went to the African Kingdom of Punt. Five ships brought gifts and goods to trade.
  39. A great temple at Dayr al-Bahri.
  40. The temple was built into a cliff above the Nile River. The entrance had 2 tall, thin monuments called obelisks and 200 sphinx statues.
  41. A mythical creature with a lion’s body and a human’s head.
  42. Scenes from her reign. The carvings showed the voyage to Punt and the things she brought back to Egypt.
  43. Ramses II ruled for 66 years, from 1290-1224 BCE during the New Kingdom.
  44. He was called Ramses the Great because he was one of the most famous pharaohs.
  45. He is known for his military leadership and building many monuments.
  46. He had hundreds of tall statues of himself built all around Egypt.
  47. He was a fearless solider who became a captain at the age of 10.
  48. He is famous for the military campaigns against the Hittite Empire in Anatolia. The Hittites threatened Northern Egypt and they had a standoff with Ramses.
  49. Ramses and the Hittites signed the world’s first peace treaty.
  50. The temple complex at Abu Simbel.
  51. The main temple was carved into a cliff near the Nile. 4 giant statues were at the entrance.
  52. They would pass through 3 halls to get to the main room.
  53. Ramses built more temples and monuments than any other pharaoh in history.
  54. :
  55. Khufu- building the Great Pyramid
  56. Senusret- encouraged Egyptian art and literature.
  57. Hatshepsut- first female pharaoh, promoted trade
  58. Ramses- military leader and builder of monuments.