Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Review Questions

Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Review Questions

Section 7-1: Life is Cellular:

1. What is the structure that makes up every living thing? ______

1. What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek one of the first to see in the 1600’s? ______

1. What did a thin slice of cork seem like to Robert Hooke when he observed it through a microscope? ______

1. What did the German botanist Matthias Schleiden conclude? ______

1. What did the German biologist Theodor Schwann conclude? ______

1. How did Rudolph Virchow summarize his years of work? ______

1. What are the 3 concepts that make up the cell theory?

______

______

______

1. Why are the electron microscopes capable of revealing details much smaller than those seen through light microscopes? ______

1. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about prokaryotes:
2. They grow and reproduce.
3. Many are large, multicellular organisms.
4. They are more complex than cells of eukaryotes.
5. They have cell membranes and cytoplasm.

1. Are all eukaryotes large, multicellular organisms? ______

1. Complete the table about the 2 categories of cells.

Category / Definition / Examples
Organisms whose cells lack nuclei
Organisms whose cells contain nuclei

Section 7-2: Eukaryotic Cell Structure:

1. What is an organelle? ______

1. Label the structures on the illustrations of plant and animal cells:

1. Circle the letter of each structure that animals cell contain:
2. Chloroplasts
3. Lysosomes
4. Mitochondria
5. ER

1. Circle the letter of each structure that plant cells contain:
2. Cell wall
3. ER
4. Lysosomes
5. Chloroplasts

1. What is the function of the nucleus? ______

1. What important molecules does the nucleus contain? ______

1. The granular material visible within the nucleus is called ______.

1. What does chromatin consist of? ______

1. What are chromosomes? ______

1. Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the ______.

1. What occurs in the nucleolus? ______

1. What is the nuclear envelope? ______

1. What are ribosomes? ______

1. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? ______

1. Describe the role of the golgi apparatus in the cell? ______

1. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about lysosomes:
2. They contain enzymes that help synthesize proteins.
3. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
4. They produce proteins that are modified by the ER.
5. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

1. What are vacuoles? ______

1. What is the role of the vacuole in plants? ______

1. True or False: Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed by 2 membranes. ______

1. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of ______.

1. What are mitochondria? ______

1. Are mitochondria found in plant cells, animal cells, or both? ______

1. Where are chloroplasts found? ______

1. Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendents of what kind of organisms? ______

1. What is the cytoskeleton? ______

1. Complete the table about structures that make up the cytoskeleton:

Structure / Description / Functions
Maintains cell shape, help build cilia and flagella, form centrioles in cell division
Supports the cell; help cells move

1. Match the organelle with its description:

_____ Ribosome

_____ Endoplasmic reticulum

_____ Golgi apparatus

_____ Lysosome

_____ Vacuole

_____ Chloroplast

_____ Mitochondria

Section 7-4: The Diversity of Cellular Life:

1. A single-celled organism is also called a (an) ______organism.

1. What is cell specialization in a multicellular organism? ______

1. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cell specialization:
2. Specialized cells perform particular functions within the organism.
3. Only unicellular organisms have specialized cells.
4. The human body contains many different cell types.
5. Some cells are specialized to enable movement.

1. What are the 4 levels of organization in a multicellular organism?
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______

1. What is a tissue? ______

1. What are the 4 main types of tissue in most animals?
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______

1. Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function are called a (an) ______.

1. What kinds of tissues can be found within a muscle in your body? ______

1. What is an organ system? ______