Chapter 4 Early Empires Social Studies

Chapter 4 Early Empires Social Studies

Lesson 1

ambitious- ______

pattern- ______

governor- ______

______

class- ______

______

Mesopotamian Empires

I. The First Empire Builders

A. ______Builds an Empire

1. 2350 B.C. Sargon (from Akkad) ruled N & S Mesopotamia

2. known as ______of the 1st empire in World History

3. empire= ______

______

4. emperor= the ruler of an empire

B. The Akkadian Empire

1. Sargon’s empire/Akkadian Empire

2. Fertile Crescent= ______

______

a. rich soil/water-good for farming

3. most important idea shared/Akkadian ______

______

4. brings peace to the peoples

5. encourages ______/more goods available

6. several cultures/ shared ______

II. The Babylonian Empire

A. Babylonians Expand

1. ______B.C. Amorites began to ______and take ______of the city-states of Sumer

2. city of Babylon on ______River/chosen for capital

3. Hammurabi= ______

______(was an Amorite king)

a. expanded control/empire stretched across Mesopotamia and other parts of the ______

4. Hammurabi used governors to control lands

a. to collect ______money

b. appointed judges/to ______

5. Hammurabi watched over ______,

______, trade, and the construction of buildings

III. Hammurabi’s Law Code

A. A Code of Laws

1. code of law= ______

a. a collection of existing rules

2. written in ______, and displayed on huge ______near a temple

B. Justice for All

1. justice= ______

2. ______acts of wrongdoing

3. gave rights to people living in the land

C. Hammurabi’s Legacy

1. code established that ______should provide ______and justice for all people

2. code set belief that society should be run by the rule of law

3. placing laws on pillars/everyone has the right to know the laws and the punishments for breaking them

Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Study Guide for Social Studies

battering ram- ______

treasury- place in a country/empire where money is kept and managed

loom- ______

wonder- a very ______

Assyria Rules the Fertile Crescent

I. A ______Machine

A. Assyria

1. located ______

2. ______hills

3. powerful ______their land

B. A Powerful Army

1. on ______, on horseback, with chariots

2. used latest inventions for war

a. iron ______and iron ______

b. battering rams -to ______

c. ladders –to ______

d. tunnels –to ______

3. inside a city/______the inhabitants

a. one king said destroyed 89 cities/820 villages

4. Assyrians were greatly feared

C. Harsh Treatment of Captured People

1. enemies who surrendered/chose a ______

2. refusing surrender/______

a. killed/or ______

3. speared enemy leaders/burned their cities

4. sent ______

a. exile= ______

II. Assyria Builds a Huge Empire

A. Assyrians conquered many lands between 850 & 650 B.C.

1. ______, Babylonia, ______, and Palestine added to empire

2. peak of power under Ashurbanipal/668 to627 B.C.

a. controlled almost all of ______

B. A Huge Empire

1. chose a ______or native king to rule under them

2. Assyrians army protected ______

3. leaders of conquered lands had to send tribute

a. tribute= ______

______

b. failing to pay tribute/______

1. people of land forced into exile

4. Assyrians had to put down revolts by exiled peoples

C. Assyria Crumbles

1. 609 B.C. ______Empire fell

a. Medes & Chaldeans joined forces to defeat Assyria

2. city of Nineveh burned to the ground

III. A New Babylonian Empire

A. ______ruled much of the former Assyrian empire

1. Babylon capital of ______

2. Chaldeans sometimes called ______

B. Chaldeans Take Assyrian Lands

1. Chaldean Empire peaked between 605 & 562 B.C

2. led by ______

a. he drove ______out of Syria

b. captured trading cities on Mediterranean coast

3. Chaldeans faced revolts by captured people

a. Hebrews rebelled in 598 B.C.

b. Nebuchadnezzar seized Jerusalem/Hebrews capital

1. sacred temple ______

2. thousands of ______captives in Babylon for about ______years

C. Height of Wealth and Power

1. Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt ______/Ishtar Gate

2. ziggurat called ______/300ft. above city

a. astronomers used to study the skies

3. Hanging Gardens of Babylon= ______

______

a. one of the ______of the World

D. The Empire Fades

1. weak rulers after Nebuchadnezzar

2. internal conflicts about ______/division of Chaldeans

a. made it easy for ______of Persia to conquer land

Chapter Lesson 3

isolate-______

semiprecious-______

______

policy-______

wise-______

Persia Controls Southwest Asia

I. A Land Between East and West

A. ______controlled lands that included the Persians

B. Modern-day ______lies on Persian land

C. Mountains, Deserts, and a Plateau

1. Persia would control the land isolated from the Fertile Crescent

a. ______cut off the land from the sea and the rest of the continent

1. Zagros, ______, and Hindu Kush ranges

2. most people lived at the edge of a high plateau/middle of region or in ______

3. Iron, copper, and ______gems found there

D. ______Occupy the Land

1. invasions of ______peoples resulted in a mixture of nomads’ customs with other societies there

2. about 1000 B.C. ______entered the region

3. Persians created many ______

a. thrived through trade with E and W Asia

1. horses and minerals

4.______grew and threatened Medes’ control

II. Cyrus Founds the Persian Empire

A. ______took over the Medes’ rule of Persia

B. Fearless ______Leader

1. Cyrus led swift ______

2. Cyrus conquered Anatolia (also called Asia Minor) between 550 & 539 B.C.

a. Anatolia= ______

3. Cyrus conquered lands once controlled by the Assyrians and the ______

C. A Wise Emperor

1. Cyrus ruled with a ______

a. toleration= ______

______

2. Cyrus allowed people to keep their ______and ______

a. worship their ______

b. speak their ______

c. practice their ______

3. Cyrus made them pay tribute

4. respect and toleration made friends not enemies

a. ______people freed from Chaldeans were allowed to rebuild their temple and the city of ______

5. fewer revolts/people lived in peace

III. ______Expands the Empire

A. A weak, less-tolerant ruler faced rebellions before the strong leader Darius came to power

B. ______Extends Persian Control

1. as new emperor, Darius I, dealt with rebellious peoples

2. he put down the revolts, then he conquered lands as far east as India

3. Persian______grew to 2,800 miles from east to west

C. Political Organization

1. very large empire required ______

2. Darius divided empire into ______

a. province= ______

b. area of land(like a state) having a local government

3. Darius set up governors called satraps

a. satraps= ______

b. to ______

c. to ______

4. each satrap was appointed a ______commander

5. sent out______“king’s eyes and ears”

a. to see that satraps were carrying out orders

6. had greater control with these ______

D. Uniting the Empire

1. policy of provinces was only one way to unite the province

2. Darius started the ______

a. Royal Road=______

b. 1,775 miles long/Susa-east end/Sardis-west end

c. used to ______

3. relay station every 15 miles/could travel in 7 days

4. Military troops and mail travel from other parts of the empire traveled the royal road to the capital

5. promoted ______and business throughout the empire

6. Darius set up a ______based on Hammurabi’s model

7. Darius took idea of minted coins from the Lydians (conqured people)

a. promoted ______

b. made it easy to______

E. Enemies of Persia

1. Darius planned a march against Egyptian rebels/486 B.C.

a. ______died before he was able to march

b.______(his son) dealt with Egypt later