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CHAPTER 3-ANCIENT EGYPT

SECTION 3: EGYPTIAN RELIGION

  1. What type of religion did the Egyptians have?POLYTHEISTIC
  2. Who were the most important gods/goddesses and what did they represent?

  1. AMON-RE, sun god
  2. Horus, FALCON GOD
  3. Amon-Re, CHIEF GOD
  4. OSIRIS, god of the living and the dead
  5. ISIS, worshipped as the great mother/protector of children

  1. Tell why the desert area to the west is considered the home of the dead.AMON RE DIED EVERY EVENING WITH THE SETTING SUN
  2. Determine the difference of the afterlife between the Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom.
  3. Old Kingdom:THE AFTERLIFE WAS THOUGHT BE FOR KINGS AND THEIR ASSOCIATES
  4. Middle Kingdom:PEOPLE OF ALL CLASSES LOOKED FORWARD TO AN AFTERLIFE
  5. Ancient Egyptians believed that if a person lived a good life once they died, what would happened to them?

THEY WOULD JOIN OSIRIS AND LIVE A LIFE OF EASE AND PLEASURE WITH THEIR FRIENDS WHO HAVE DIED

  1. Before mummification, what dried out a person’s body, preserving the body?EGYPT’S CLIMATE
  2. Describe two things the ancient Egyptians believed would happen to the soul, or ka.
  3. THE SOUL WOULD LEAVE THE MUMMY BUT RETURN FOR FOOD OFFERINGS
  4. THE APPEARANCE OF THE BODY ALLOWED IT TO BE RECOGNIZED BY THE PERSON’S SPIRIT
  5. What are the four sons of Horus? a. HUMAN b. BABOON c. FALCON d. JACKAL (WOLF)

And how were they used?THE LUNGS, STOMACH, INTESTINES, AND LIVER WERE PUT IN CANOPIC JARS AND WERE CLOSED WITH STOPPERS THAT RESEMBLED THE SONS

  1. When did planning for a pharaoh’s tomb begin?AS SOON AS HE WAS CROWNED
  2. For whom was the largest pyramid built and where is it located?KHUFU, GIZA
  3. What job did the engineers do to help build pyramids?SO THAT THE SIDES FACES, N, S, E, & W
  4. Although building pyramids was a dangerous job, why did the Egyptians do it so faithfully?

IT INSURED THE PHARAOH’S PLACE IN THE AFTERLIFE AND IT WAS CONSIDERED AN ACT OF FAITH

SECTION 4: ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CULTURE

  1. How is it that we know so much about the ancient Egyptians?
  2. TOMB AND TEMPLE PAINTINGS b. WRITTEN RECORDS
  3. Was it possible to rise in the ancient Egyptian social class? YES

Explain: THROUGH SERVICE TO THE PHARAOH

  1. List the 3 social classes and the people who inhabited them.
  2. SMALL UPPER CLASS: PRIESTS, PHARAOH’S COURT, NOBLES
  3. MIDDLE CLASS: MERCHANTS, SKILLED WORKERS
  4. LOWEST CLASS: PEASANTS
  5. For who was a separate class made?SLAVES
  6. What did peasants do for work during the flood season?THEY WORKED ON ROADS, TEMPLES, AND OTHER BUILDING PROJECTS
  7. Once the crop was gathered after harvest season, what did the ancient Egyptians do for the gods?

FEATED OFFERING FOOD AND DRINK TO THE GODS IN THANKS

  1. Explain 3 reasons why noblewomen were considered to have had an important place in society.
  2. THEY COULD OWN PROPERTY
  3. RUN BUSINESSES
  4. ENTER LEGAL CONTRACTS
  5. How were noble women connected to the job of a pharaoh?THEY ACTED AS REGENTS UNTIL THEY WERE OLD ENOUGH TO RULE FOR THEMSELVES
  6. Why did the Egyptians develop hieroglyphs?TO KEEP TRACK OF THE KINGDOM’S GROWING WEALTH
  7. After writing on clay and stone, what did the Egyptians invent to write on?PAPYRUS
  8. What is significant about the year 1799?A SOLDIER DIGGING A FORT NEAR THE NILE FOUND A LARGE STONE
  9. What is the Rosetta Stone?A STONE WITH 3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WRITING ON IT THAT ALL HAD THE SAME MEANING
  10. What happened in the 1820s that was instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphs?A YOUNG FRENCH SCHOLAR, JEAN FRANCOIS CHAMPOLLION FIGURED OUT HOW TO READ THE ROSETTA STONE
  11. List the 6 skills that Egyptians used that we still use in math:
  12. ADDd. DIVIDE
  13. SUBTRACTe. FRACTIONS
  14. MULTIPLYf. GEOMETRY
  15. What occurred due to the ancient Egyptians’ work on mummies?

THEY WERE ABLE TO PERFORM SURGERY, SET BROKEN BONES, AND TREAT MINOR INJURIES

  1. What did the Egyptians leave for the ancient Romans and Greeks to use?

MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE WRITTEN ON PAPYRUS