Chapter 23 Study Guide- Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890

Directions: Using complete sentences, answer the following questions.

  1. What ignited Latin America’s struggle for independence?
  2. What social group led the revolution in Venezuela?
  3. How was Simon Bolivar able to gain political support?
  4. What was Bolivar’s view of slavery?
  5. What was Gran Colombia?
  6. Who were Jose de San Martin’s most effective troops in his campaign against the Spanish military?
  7. What was Spain’s richest and most populous colony?
  8. How Spanish colonial officials rule Mexico since the Spanish king had been imprisoned by the French?
  9. What kind of government did Mexico finally form after gaining independence?
  10. What kind of government did Brazil form after Pedro I declared independence from Portugal in 1822?
  11. What was Pedro I’s view of slavery and why was it considered dangerous?
  12. What new nation was born as the result of the agreement of a Confederation in 1867?
  13. How did new Latin American nations deal with the question of the Catholic Church?
  14. Define caudillo and give an example of one in Latin America.
  15. List at least two similarities between American President Andrew Jackson and Venezuelan leader Jose Antonio Paez.
  16. What were four factors that provided fewer checks against ambitions of popular politicians in Latin America than in the United States?
  17. What was the central issue of regional disputes in the United States?
  18. Why was the southern secession in the United States defeated?
  19. What land was Mexico forced to cede to the United States as a result of the treaty of 1848?
  20. What invading force did Benito Juarez help expel from Mexico in 1867?
  21. What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and what was its result?
  22. Why were Amerindians of the Great Plains able to offer formidable resistance to white settlers?
  23. What arguments did abolitionists use in attacking slavery?
  24. What were “Jim Crow” laws?
  25. Who pushed for the abolition of slavery in Britain after 1800?
  26. How did Britain weaken slavery in the Caribbean?
  27. While Africans made up the bulk of immigrants to the Americas during the colonial period, where did most immigrants to the Americas come from after the abolition of the slave trade?
  28. What was the “head tax” in China and why was it imposed?
  29. By 1900, what were the only three nations in the Western Hemisphere to achieve similar income levels as Western Europe?
  30. What caused the mining “boom” in the United States, Chile, and Mexico?
  31. How were the mining companies of the late 19th century different from the operations of the gold/silver mining companies of the colonial era?
  32. What were at least four major improvements in cattle farming that transformed Argentina’s cattle market?
  33. The economic success of the United States during the 19th century is suggested by what?
  34. Why did Cuban planters cut down forests?
  35. When confronted by a choice between environmental protection and economic growth, what did all nations in the Western Hemisphere choose?