Chapter 18 – Economic Policy

1. / Fiscal policy / 16. / Milton Friedman / 32. / Arthur Laffer
2. / Budget deficit / 17. / Inflation / 33. / Reaganomics
3. / budget surplus / 18. / Recession / 34. / Incrementalism
4. / Monetary policy / 19. /

Keynesianism

/ 35. / Discount Rate
5. / Fiscal Year (FY) / 20. /

John Maynard Keynes

/ 36. / Reserve Requirements
6. / Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) / 21. / Economic planning / 37. / Substitutability
7. / The Federal Reserve / 22. / Price and wage controls / 38. / Sequesters
8. / Monetarism / 23. / Supply-side theory / 39. / Budget Resolution
9. / Progressive tax / 24. / Mandatory or uncontrollable expenditures / 40. / Continuing Resolutions
10. / Flat tax / 25. / Office of Management and Budget (OMB) / 41. / Omnibus spending bills
11. / national debt / 26. / House Ways and Means Committee / 42. / Gramm-Rudman-Hollings (1985)
12. /

Indexing

/ 27. / Congressional Budget Office (CBO) / 43. / Budget resolution
13. / Tax Reform Act of 1986 / 28. / Appropriations Committee / 44. / Reconciliation
14. / Clinton tax plan (1993) / 29. / General Accounting Office (GAO) / 45. / Authorization bill
15. / Gross domestic Product (GDP) / 30. / Budget and Accounting Act (1921) / 46. / Appropriations bill

Chapter 18 –Economic Policy

1. / Summarize how economics affects politics and how politicians respond.
2. / How do two kinds of majoritarian politics complicate the politics of taxing and spending?
3. / Summarize the following economic theories: Monetarism, Keynesianism, supply-side, Reaganomics.
4. / Summarize the role of the CEA, OMB and Secretary of the Treasury.
5. / What are entitlements? What impact do they have on the federal budget?
6. / How did the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 change the budget process? In your answer indicate how the budget process is supposed to work.
7. / What was in the Gramm-Rudman Act or Balanced Budget Act of 1985? Define sequester. What strategy was adopted when sequestration didn’t work?
8. / Define gross domestic product, recession, fiscal policy, discretionary spending, mandatory spending
9. / How did the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 reform the process?
10. / Define tax loopholes, progressive tax, marginal rate, regressive tax, sin taxes, flat tax, capital-gains tax.

Chapter 19: Social Welfare

1. / Means test / 5. / Medicaid / 10. / Welfare Reform law (1996)
2. / Means tested / 6. / Food Stamps / 11. / insurance program
3. / Social Security Act (1935) / 7. / Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) / 12. / assistance program
4. / Medicare / 8. / Earned Income Tax Credit / 13. /

service strategy

9. / Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) / 14. / income strategy

Chapter 19: Social Welfare

1. / What does it mean to have a “means test” for a program?
2. / What is the political difference between programs like Social Security or Medicare and Aid to Families with Dependent Children that make the latter easier to reform?
3. / How do the distinctive factors of social welfare programs in the U.S. affect the programs that we have developed?
4. / Study the yellow chart on p. 483 and differentiate between Medicare, Unemployment Insurance, TANF, Food Stamps, Medicaid, and the Earned Income Tax Credit.
5. / What are the three possible solutions for reforming Social Security?
6. / What were the problems with Medicare and what are the possible solutions?
7. / How was welfare (AFDC) reformed in 1996? Why was it possible to pass this reform? Explain the major differences between AFDC and TANF.

Chapter 20: Foreign Policy

pp. 530-545

1. / Legislative veto / 7. / Iran-contra / 13. /

Containment

2. / War Powers Act (1973) / 8. / Central Intelligence Agency / 14. / Domino theory
3. / Senate Foreign relations Committee / 9. / Isolationist / 15. / Munich
4. / Boland Amendment / 10. / Internationalist / 16. / Appeasement
5. / National Security Council / 11. / “rally around the flag” effect / 17. / Disengagement
6. / National Security Adviser / 12. /

Iron Curtain and the Cold War

/ 18. / Human rights
Chapter 20 : Foreign Policy
1. / Carefully detail how the roles of the President and Congress change according to what type of foreign policy issue is involved.
2. / On pp 555 – 560, the book talks about the extent and limits of presidential power. This should be a review to you from the unit on the Presidency. Outline the powers that the president has in foreign policy plus the checks on presidential power. Be sure to stress the limits of those checks.
3. / What are the limits on the ability of the Secretary of State to direct foreign policy?
4. / What is the role of the NSC? Who makes up this group and why is it so influential?
5. / Summarize the information about the interplay of public opinion and foreign policy. What is the “rally around the flag” effect?
6. / Summarize the four world views discussed in the book.

Chapter 20: Military Policy

pp. 545-557

1. / Military-industrial complex / 7. / Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMS) / 13. /

Readiness

2. / “Peace dividend” / 8. / Mutual assured destruction (MAD) / 14. /

Commission on Base Realignment and closure (BRAC)

3. / “World’s policeman” / 9. / “Don ask, don’t tell” / 15. / National Security Act (1947)
4. / Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) / 10. / Cost overruns / 16. / Chain of Command
5. / Armed Services Committees / 11. / Gold plating / 17. / Goldwater-Nichols Act (1986)
6. / Strategic defense Initiative (SDI) or “Star Wars” / 12. /

Bipolar World

/ 18. / Unipolar World

Chapter 20: Military Policy

1. / What does the phrase “the military-industrial complex” refer to? Give a specific example.
2. / What factors influence the growth or decline of the defense budget?
3. / What are the five explanations the book gives for cost overruns on big-ticket items in the defense budget?
4. / What is the explanation for expensive small-ticket items?
5. / Why was readiness given the lowest priority in budgeting?
6. / What solution did Congress adopt for base closings?
7. / What is the structure of the command in the Department of Defense? The book talks about the 1986 reorganization, the Goldwater-Nichols Act and how it reorganized the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Summarize that information.

Chapter 21: Environmental Policy

1. / Clean Air Act (1963) / 9. / Kyoto Protocol / 17. / Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
2. / Auto emission standards / 10. / Smog / 18. / DDT
3. / Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1970) / 11. / Toxic Waste / 19. / Love Canal
4. / Water Quality Improvement Act (1970) / 12. / Acid Rain / 20. / The Superfund
5. / Endangered Species Act (1973) / 13. / Environmental impact statement (EIS) / 21. / Command-and-control strategy
6. / global warming / 14. /

Clean Water Act (1977, 1987)

/ 22. / Offsets
7. / National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) / 15. /

Clean Water Acts

/ 23. / Bubble Standards
8. / Earth Day / 16. /

Scrubbers

/ 24. / Pollution allowances or banks

Chapter 21: Environmental Policy

1. / Why is environmental policy so controversial? Explain the differing views and the science behind them.
2. / How does environmental policy in the United States differ from other countries? Give relevant examples.
3.
4.
5. / The book gives examples of how environmental issues illustrate al four styles of policy-making. From p. 587 -596, detail how environmental politics represents entrepreneurial, majoritarian, interest group, and client politics. Explain the interplay of different forces on policy-making.
Discuss how the perceived costs of a policy impact public acceptance of that policy.
Debate whether environmental laws go far enough or too far. What is the merit of each of these laws and subsequent amendments?