Chapter 12.3 - Cultures & Lifestyles of Europe
Notes
I.Cultural Expressions
A.Languages –
1.dialects
2.50 different
3.language family
a)Balto – Slavic
b)Germanic
c)Romance
4.Official languages
B.Religions
1.Christianity
2.Roman Catholics
3.Protestant
4.Orthodox
5.Conflicts
a)N. Ireland
b)Balkans
Europe in 1900
Copyright © 1998 Matthew White
C.Arts
1.Romanticism
a)feelings & emotions
2.Realism
a)life as it was
3.French Impressionism
a)dabs & strokes
II.Quality of Life
A.Education
1.related to economy
2.90% literacy
3.schooling
a)Portugal
b)U.K.
4.Universities
a)oldest & finest
b)Oxford, Bologona, Paris
B.Health Care
1.High life expectancies
a)1998 rate
2.Government subsidy
C.Role of Government
1.Highly involved in economies
a)public services
2.Welfare states – govt. assumes
a)Norway
b)Sweden
Taxation website 1
Taxation website 2
III.Lifestyles
A.Homelife
1.Extended families
2.1990’s – 43% of workforce
3.vacation
B.Sports
1.Soccer
2.Communism
C.Celebrations
1.festivals
2.family gatherings
Ch 13.1 Notes
Living in Europe
IV.Introduction
A.Overview
1.Germany
2.Rising standard of living
a)Travel more
3.1/2 + land used for farming
4.5/10 world’s top manufacturing
5.European Union –
a)Greater volume of trade, GDP
V.Changing Economies
A.European Union
1.Origins- 1950’s France - European Community (EC)
a)Closer links economically
b)Took until 1990’s
2.Economics of Union
a)Euro
b)Central bank
c)Common foreign policy
d)Analysts predict economic growth
e)Planning to add E. European countries
3.Market in Europe
a)Efficiency and productivity increased
b)Control govt. spending on welfare programs
(1)Most Europeans oppose
B.Eastern Europe
1.Communist control
a)40 yrs
b)central planners-
(1)over employed, under teched
c)command economy
d)free market economy demands changes
e)new democratic govt’s
VI.Agriculture and Industry
A.Farming and Industrialism
1.World’s most fertile land
a)Advanced scientific methods
b)More Europeans earn living –
2.Variations of employment
a)U.K. 2% farm
b)Poland and Greece 20% farm
B.Economic Expansion
1.Industrial revolution – 1700’s
a)Birth of modern industry
2.Heavy industry – manufacturing of…
a)1800-1900’s largest coal and Iron ore deposits
b)U.K. and Poland today
3.Mineral wealth
a)FranceGermany lead manufacturing
4.Light industry – textiles and food processing
a)Occurs in countries lacking natural resources
b)Ex. Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland
C.Food Production
1.Europe leads in the production of…
2.Wheat –
3.Mediterranean –
4.Dairy –
5.W. Europe –
6.Import cocoa & coffee
7.Fishing –
D.Farming techniques
1.soil and climate –
2.organic farming –
3.mixed farming –
4.W. Europe –
5.Farm cooperatives –
6.Communist control –
a)Collective farms
b)State run farms
7.democratic growth
a)encourage private control
E.Manufacturing
1.leaders
a)world leaders
b)steel and auto producers
c)Swiss watches and precision instruments
d)Czech republic and Poland
2.Western vs. Eastern Europe
a)W. – private owned
b)E. – state owned
c)Consumer goods
d)Change
VII.Communication and Transportation
A.Communication Links
1.Intelsat
a)satellites
2.Eurovision
a)Television network
b) Intervision
3.Telephone service
a)Phones per capita
b)Costs
B.Highways and railways
1.Autobahn
2.Tunnels
3.2nd in auto ownership
4.Trucks
5.Rail tracks
a)France’s TGV’s
C.Major Transportation centers
1.Major cities have rail and air hubs
a)International flights common
2.1/2 the worlds international shipping
a)major port cities
D.Waterways
1.RhineRiver
a)Carries greater vol of freight
b)Winds through
2.canals
a)Kiel Canal
b)Poland
c)Main-Danube canal
13.2 People and Their Environment
VIII.Environmental Pollution
A.Acid Rain
1.1970’s effects present
a)trees & forests
b)5 mil acres of Black Forest
2.meltwater-
a)kills fish in S. Norway
3.Costly
a)Germany est. $1 bil a year
4.Acid deposition- wet or dry acid pollution
a)Eroding historic buildings in Europe
B.Air Pollution
1.Caused by pollutants from factories & autos
a)Inefficient communist factories
b)Soft brown coal – sulfur
(1)CzechRepublic most polluted
(2)Children sent away for 1 yr.
c)Netherlands most cars per sq mi.
C.Global Warming
1.Warming of the earth by greenhouse gasses
2.Environmentalists – people concerned with…
3.Effects
a)Increase temps.
b)More storms like el nino
c)Melting of ice & flooding of shores
D.Water Pollution
1.Mediterranean Sea
a)Tourism decline due to pollution
b)Will take 100 yrs to renew itself with bacteria
c)Hundreds of rivers
d)Effect France, Spain, Italy, & Greece
2.Lake Balaton – Hungary
a)Large fresh water lake
b)Industrial pollution
3.Misc.
a)NetherlandsDenmark pollution levels doubled
b)25% of Hungary’s towns have unsafe water
IX.Efforts to reduce pollution
A.Concern for the environment
1.History of concern
a)Middle Ages (1253) ban on burning coal
b)1800’s Great Britain passed laws on air pollution
c)sense of national heritage
d)1992 UN meeting on environment
(1)Euros pushed for laws – no go
B.Cleanup efforts
1.Programs to combat acid rain
a)Germany cars
b)Biologists – fish
c)Scandinavian lakes – lime
2.Denmark
a)Reduced pollution 60%
b)I.D. 3,000 hazardous waste sites
3.Lake Balaton – Hungary
a)Reduced pollution levels 50%
4.Mediterranean Sea clean up
a)UN Med. Action Plan – 17 countries
C.Plans for the Future
1.Sewer Systems
a)Naples, Marseille, Athens
2.Clean up bill on E. Europe $200- 500 bil.
3.EU countries contribute 70% of pollution
a)EU funds help clean up
4.Environmental clean up seen as global issue