Chapter 1 – Keys to the Study of Chemistry – 1.2 Reading Questions

  1. Chemistry has its origin in a prescientific past that incorporated
  2. alchemy
  3. medicine
  4. technology
  5. all of the above
  1. Alchemist were influenced by the Greek idea that matter naturally
  2. strives toward be more disorderly
  3. is conserved in chemical reactions
  4. strives toward perfection
  5. all of the above are correct answers
  1. Alchemy started as a search for spiritual properties in matter and evolved over thousands of years into
  2. an obsession with potions to bestow eternal youth
  3. an obsession elixirs to transmute metals such as lead into gold
  4. both answer “a” and answer “b” are correct
  5. neither answer “a” or answer “b” are correct
  1. Although alchemy’s legacy to chemistry is mixed at best, through centuries of laboratory inquiry, alchemist invented the chemical method(s) of
  2. distillation
  3. percolation
  4. extraction
  5. all of the above
  1. Alchemist greatest contribution to modern science was
  2. the use of observation and experimentation
  3. studying nature solely through reason
  4. that matter could be magically altered
  5. all of the above are correct
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
  2. Alchemist greatly influenced medical practices in medieval Europe.
  3. Paracelsus considered the body to be a chemical system whose balance of substances could be restored through medical treatments
  4. Most of the drugs used in the 17th century are still used successfully today
  5. The indispensable alliance between medicine and chemistry was born out of the alchemy era.
  1. Which of these processes contributed greatly to the experience with the properties of materials?
  2. Pottery making
  3. Dyeing
  4. Metallurgy
  5. All of the above are correct answers
  1. Which of the following is an example of how technology flourished during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
  2. Books describing how to purify, assay, and coin silver and gold and how to use balances, furnances, and crucibles were printed and regularly updated.
  3. Writings discussed making glass, gunpowder, and other materials
  4. Quantitative measurement was being introduced.
  5. All of the above are correct
  1. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
  2. there was great interest in why a substance changes
  3. there was very little interest in exploring why a substance changes
  4. there was great interest in being able to predict the behavior of substances
  5. many of today’s laws of science were well established
  1. Chemical investigation in the modern sense – inquiry into the cause of change in matter – began in the late
  2. 15th century
  3. 16th century
  4. 17th century
  5. 18th century
  1. Chemical investigation in the modern sense was hampered by
  2. an incorrect theory of combustion
  3. an incorrect theory of atomic structure
  4. an incorrect theory of oxidation and reduction
  5. all of the above are correct
  1. The phlogiston theory proposed that combustible materials contained amounts of an undetectable substance called
  2. atoms
  3. phlogiston
  4. molecules
  5. energy
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
  2. It was believed that highly combustible materials like charcoal contained a lot of phlogiston and thus release very little when burned
  3. It was believed that highly combustible materials like charcoal contained a lot of phlogiston and thus release a lot when burned
  4. It was believed that highly combustible materials like charcoal contained very little phlogiston and thus release very little when burned
  5. It was believed that highly combustible materials like charcoal contained very little phlogiston and thus release a lot when burned
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
  2. Phlogiston theory supporters believed that air attracted phlogiston out of charcoal
  3. Phlogiston theory supporters believed that burning stopped when the air was saturated with phlogiston
  4. Phlogiston theory supporters believed that burning stopped because charcoal used up all of its phlogiston
  5. All of the above statements are incorrect
  1. When a metal burns, it forms its calx, which
  2. weighs more than the metal
  3. weighs less than the metal
  4. weighs the same as the metal
  5. all of the above statements are correct
  1. Supporters of the phlogiston theory believed that phlogiston had
  2. positive mass
  3. negative mass
  4. a very large mass
  5. considerable
  1. Lavoisier proposed that when a metal forms its calx,
  2. it does not lose phlogiston but rather combines with a gas which must be a component of air
  3. it does lose phlogiston and combines with a gas which must be a component of air
  4. it does lose phlogiston and combines with additional phlogiston components in the air
  5. all of the above to explain why the calx has a greater mass
  1. Which of the following statements about Lavoisier is NOT correct?
  2. He improved the production of French gunpowder which became a factor in the success of the American revolution
  3. He established a scientific balance between cattle, pasture, and cultivated acreage to optimize crop yield
  4. He proposed a system of free public education and of societies to foster science, politics, and the arts
  5. His research into combustion confused the understanding of respiration and metabolism
  1. Which of the following statements about Lavoisier is NOT correct?
  2. He sat on the committee that unified weights and measures in the new metric system
  3. He joined a firm that collected taxes for the king
  4. He was guillotined at the age of 50 because of his loyalty to the king
  5. All of the above are incorrect statements about Lavoisier.
  1. How did Lavoisier’s new theory of combustion make sense of earlier confusion?
  2. He proposed that charcoal stops burning in a closed vessel once it combines with all the available oxygen
  3. He proposed that a metal oxide weighs more because it contains the added mass of the oxygen it reacted with
  4. Both answers “a” and “b” are correct
  5. Neither answer “a” or “b” are correct
  1. Why is it proposed that the science of chemistry began with Lavoisier?
  2. His new theory of combustion relied on quantitative, reproducible measurements
  3. His new theory of combustion did not rely on strange properties of undetectable substances
  4. His approach to science is at the heart of modern science
  5. All of the above are correct statements