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Chapter 1 Development of DiagnosticMicrobiology

  1. When a microbiologist reads a slide with Gram-stained bacteria, he or she can thank
  1. Antoni Leeuwenhoek.
  2. Hans Christian Gram.
  3. Louis Pasteur.
  4. both a and b.
  5. both b and c.

ANSWER: d

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. Pasteur’s work included
  1. heating liquids to destroy bacteria.
  2. developing solid medium for the growth of bacteria.
  3. creating stains to visualize bacteria.
  4. performing the first vaccination.

ANSWER: a

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. What organism helped Fleming in his discovery of penicillin?
  1. Streptococcus pyogenes
  2. Staphylococcus spp.
  3. Bacillus anthracis
  4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ANSWER: b

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. When a child receives the attenuated measles vaccine, what historical science figure(s) contributed to its success?
  1. Jenner
  2. Pasteur
  3. Ehrlich
  4. Both a and b
  5. All of the above

ANSWER: d

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. Which of the following organisms does not meet Koch’s postulates?
  1. Yersinia pestis
  2. Bacillus anthracis
  3. Mycobacterium leprae
  4. Vibrio cholerae

ANSWER: c

(Level 3, Objectives 4, 5, and 6)

  1. Which of the following recent advancements has dramatically challenged Koch’s postulates?
  1. The electron microscope
  2. Serological assays
  3. Molecular diagnostics
  4. Improved culture techniques

ANSWER: c

(Level 3, Objectives 4, 5, and 6)

  1. One of Koch’s contributions to microbiology can still be seen today in the
  1. microscope.
  2. use of vaccines.
  3. antibiotic penicillin.
  4. use of agar for cultures.

ANSWER: d

(Level 2, Objective 1)

  1. Walter Reed probably made use of ______in his study of yellow fever.
  1. the spontaneous generation theory
  2. the germ theory of fermentation
  3. the germ theory of disease
  4. Koch’s postulates

ANSWER: c

(Level 2, Objective 4)

  1. Select the historical science figure and the field of contribution combination that is inaccurate.
  1. Jenner – immunology
  2. Ehrlich – chemotherapy
  3. Semmelweis – infection control
  4. Mullis – virology

ANSWER: d

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. Lister contributed to modernday infection control by
  1. promoting hand washing between patients.
  2. using carbolic acid for sterilization.
  3. using nets to prevent mosquito bites.
  4. his discovery of penicillin.

ANSWER: b

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. Pasteur’s work on the germ theory of fermentation led to the development of the technique known as
  1. pasteurization.
  2. crystallographics.
  3. sterilization.
  4. antisepsis.

ANSWER: a

(Level 1, Objective 2)

  1. Pasteur’s germ theory of disease formed the basis for
  1. vaccination.
  2. chemotherapy.
  3. asepsis and sterilization.
  4. molecular biology.

ANSWER: c

(Level 1, Objective 3)

  1. The germ theory of disease states that
  1. a specific infectious disease is caused by a specific type of microorganism.
  2. a specific microbe produces a specific change in the substance on which it grows.
  3. the same organism must be found in all cases of a given disease.
  4. organisms from pure culture must reproduce the disease in a susceptible animal.

ANSWER: a

(Level 1, Objective 3)

  1. The scientist who improved the stain used for observing the tubercle bacilli by using their acid-fast property is
  1. Fleming.
  2. Jenner.
  3. Ehrlich.
  4. Koch.

ANSWER: c

(Level 1, Objective 1)

Chapter 2 Taxonomy and Classification

  1. Microorganisms are classified by taxonomy in order to
  1. differentiate them based on phenotypic characteristics.
  2. allow scientists to share information on them in a universal language.
  3. categorize them as animal or plant.
  4. categorize them based on their mode of reproduction.

ANSWER: b

(Level 1, Objective 1)

  1. Which of the following approaches to taxonomy is based on the physical characteristics of organisms?
  1. Genotypic
  2. Phylogenic
  3. Phenotypic
  4. numerical

ANSWER: c

(Level 1, Objective 2)

  1. Which of the following inventions dramatically revolutionized the scientific community and organism taxonomy?
  1. Printing press
  2. The use of binomial names for classification
  3. Agar-based medium
  4. The inception of the “International Code of Botanical Nomenclature”

ANSWER: a

(Level 1, Objective 3)

  1. Which of the following individuals is credited with the current categorization of organisms as genus and species?
  1. Gutenberg
  2. van Leeuwenhoek
  3. Cavalier-Smith
  4. Linnaeus

ANSWER: d

(Level 1, Objective 4)

  1. Which of the following defines a bacterial species? A group of microorganisms that
  1. are based on the complete genotypic profile.
  2. share a considerable set of phenotypic characteristics.
  3. belong to the same evolutionary lineage.
  4. share the same antibiogram.

ANSWER: b

(Level 1, Objective 5)

  1. Which of the following stem endings indicates a bacterial family?
  1. -aceae
  2. -idea
  3. -inae
  4. -ales

ANSWER: a

(Level 1, Objective 5)

  1. Plesiomonas shigelloides, an oxidase positive gram-negative rod, was moved from the family Vibrionaceae to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This was probably done based on
  2. phenotypic characteristics.
  3. genetic history.
  4. serology testing using monoclonal antibodies.
  5. nucleic acid hybridization to measure relatedness.

ANSWER: d

(Level 2, Objective 3)

  1. An organism that lives on decaying matter for nutrition is called a(an)
  2. pathogen.
  3. eukaryote.
  4. saprophyte.
  5. prokaryote.

ANSWER: c

(Level 1, Objective 8)

  1. Prions differ from viruses because they are
  2. composed of protein and do not contain RNA or DNA.
  3. larger than viruses.
  4. able to infect the central nervous system.
  5. infective for vertebrates.

ANSWER: a

(Level 2, Objective 10)

  1. Fungi differ from other microorganisms because they contain
  2. single circular chromosome.
  3. a cell wall of chitin.
  4. no cytoplasmic organelles.
  5. plasma membrane.

ANSWER: b

(Level 2, Objective 10)

  1. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells have

1. a nuclear membrane.

2. a cell wall.

3. one chromosome.

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1 and 3

ANSWER: a

(Level 2, Objective 10)

  1. The clinically significant yeast and moulds are found in the kingdoms

1. Bacteria.

2. Protozoa.

3. Fungi.

4. Chromista.

  1. 3 only
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 3 and 4
  4. 2, 3, and 4

ANSWER: c

(Level 1, Objective 7)

  1. A microorganism is named Staphylococcus aureus. The second word (aureus) is the
  2. strain.
  3. family.
  4. genus.
  5. species.

ANSWER: d

(Level 2, Objective 5)

  1. A microorganism is named Staphylococcus aureus. The first word (Staphylococcus) is the
  2. family.
  3. genus.
  4. species.
  5. group.

ANSWER: b

(Level 2, Objective 5)

  1. Which words in the two-word name for a microorganism should be capitalized and underlined or italicized?
  2. Species is capitalized and both are underlined or italicized.
  3. Genus is capitalized and both are underlined or italicized.
  4. Both are capitalized and underlined or italicized.
  5. Only the genus is capitalized and underlined or italicized.

ANSWER: b

(Level 2, Objectives 3 and 5)

  1. Bacteria that live harmlessly in our bodies and protect us by preventing other microbes from attaching to and colonizing the human body are an example of
  2. hybridization.
  3. parasitism.
  4. mutualism.
  5. pathogenesis.

ANSWER: c

(Level 1, Objective 9)

  1. A useful method of classifying viruses is based on the

1. site of infection.

2. type of nucleic acid.

3. symmetry of the protein coat.

4. presence of absence of an envelope.

  1. 2, 3, and 4
  2. 1, 2, and 3
  3. 1, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, and 4

ANSWER: a

(Level 1, Objectives 2 and 10)

  1. Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells because prokaryotic cells usually have

1. a nuclear membrane.

2. a cell wall.

3. one chromosome.

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1 and 3

ANSWER: c

(Level 2, Objective 10)

  1. Which taxonomy term defines a group of microbes that have similar characteristics and are distinguished from other related strains?
  2. Order
  3. Class
  4. Genus
  5. Species

ANSWER: d

(Level 1, Objective 5)