AP U.S. HISTORYNAME ______

CH. 7REVIEW SHEET: THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION, 1763-1775

customsduties (ortariffs): taxes on imports

balanceoftrade: the amount of exports vs. imports (positive if exports were greater; negative if imports were greater)

admiraltycourts: courts administered by the British government in which judges, not local juries, rendered decisions. Also an issue: writsofassistance, which allowed searches without probably cause and were much protested by colonists led by James Otis.

boycott: an agreement not to buy something

external (indirect) taxes: taxes levied at sea ports on imported goods

internal (direct)taxes: taxes levied within a country or colony when a good is sold

some main ideas about revolution

  1. the meaning of John Adams’s quote (p. 122)?
  2. republicanism? [note that republics elect government officials]
  3. Whig ideas about government in England?

the ideas of eighteenth century mercantilism

  1. how could a country gain power?
  2. the significance of exports and imports?
  3. Britain’s ideas about production and consumption in its colonies?
  4. Adam Smith on mercantilism? [quote, p. 125]

specific British mercantilist laws

  1. the Navigation Law of 1650?
  2. enumerated products [tobacco was an example]?
  3. currency laws?

British mercantilism in practice

  1. enforcement of the Navigation Laws?
  2. benefits from bounties--such as for naval stores?
  3. the British army and navy?
  4. the annoyances of mercantilism?

Britain’s finances c. 1763--and George Grenville’s solutions

  1. the British debt in 1763? [note the source of much debt--and the added costs of defending the new lands]
  2. the Sugar Act (1764)?
  3. the Quartering Act (1765)?
  4. the Stamp Act (1765)?

American reaction to Grenville’s program: “no taxation without representation!”

  1. objections to admiralty courts?
  2. the American distinction between “legislation” and “taxation”?
  3. virtual representation? [Americans claimed to want direct or actual representation]
  4. actions of the Stamp Act Congress?
  5. actions taken by the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?
  6. the impact on British trade of American actions?
  7. Parliament’s action on the Stamp Act (1766)?
  8. the Declaratory Act (1766)?

Charles Townshend’s program--and the colonial reaction

  1. the Townshend Acts?
  2. why did Townshend think that Americans would be willing to pay his new taxes?
  3. American anger at paying salaries of judges and royal governors?
  4. why were British troops landed in Boston?
  5. what happened in the Boston Massacre? [note the role of Crispus Attucks and changing political views overtime in two depictions of the massacre, text, p. 129]

Lord North and a new program from Britain--and more colonial reaction

  1. why did Britain repeal the most of the Townshend Acts?
  2. why did Britain keep the tax on tea?
  3. Samuel Adams and the Committees of Correspondence?
  4. the British East India Company’s financial problem in 1773?
  5. Parliament’s aid for the British East India Company?
  6. the Boston Tea Party?

the Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Act [not one of the Intolerable Acts]

  1. Parliament’s intent in passing the Intolerable Acts?
  2. the Boston Port Act?
  3. Massachusetts town meetings?
  4. trials for British soldiers?
  5. a new Quartering Act?
  6. the Quebec Act’s provisions?
  7. why did the Quebec Act make so many Americans angry? [note map, p. 133 here as well as text]

Americans respond to the Intolerable Acts

  1. the colonists’ purpose in summoning the First Continental Congress?
  2. the defeated moderates’ proposal? [its name was the Galloway Plan]
  3. the Association?

Lexington and Concord

  1. the British plan?
  2. what happened at Lexington?
  3. what happened at Concord? on the British return to Boston?

Comparing the two sides

  1. British strengths--and weaknesses?
  1. American strengths and weaknesses?

British and Americans at war

  1. who were the Hessians? [back to p. 135]
  2. Lafayette in the war? [p. 136]
  3. events at Valley Forge in 1777-78? [p. 137]
  4. blacks in the war? [note their participation on both sides]