Cervical Disc Disease Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Supplementary Tables:
Table S1: Clinical Series Used in the Analysis
1st Author / Year Published / # of cases operated / Study type / Procedure / NotesAbd-Alrahman N1 / 1999 / 50 / NRC / Auto
1999 / 40 / NRC / ACD
Acikbas CS2 / 2010 / 32 / Ret / ACD
Anderson P3 / 2008 / . / RCT / Allo, CDR / See Bryan disc
Balabhadra RS4 / 2004 / 98 / Ret / Allo
Bärlocher CB5 / 2002 / 30 / RCT / Auto
2002 / 36 / RCT / Spacer
2002 / 33 / RCT / ACD
Bertagnoli R6 / 2005 / 27 / Ret / CDR
Bertalanffy H7 / 1988 / 450 / Ret / ACD
Bhadra AK8 / 2009 / 15 / NRC / Auto
2009 / 30 / NRC / Spacer
2009 / 15 / NRC / CDR
Bishop RC9 / 1996 / 60 / NRC / Auto
1996 / 32 / NRC / Allo
Brenke C10 / 2012 / 22 / RCT / CDR
Brigham CD11 / 1995 / 43 / Ret / Auto
Brooke NS12 / 1997 / 19 / Ret / Auto
Bryan disc FDA exemption trial / . / 221 / RCT / Allo / See Heller JG 2009, Anderson PA 2008, Sasso RC 2011
242 / RCT / CDR
Burkus13 / 2010 / 265 / RCT / Allo
2010 / 276 / RCT / CDR
Cao JM14 / 2011 / 29 / RCT / CDR
Cappelletto B15 / 2013 / 84 / NRC / CDR
Chen F16 / 2013 / 31 / Ret / CDR
Chen JF17 / 2005 / 63 / Ret / Spacer
Chung SB18 / 2012 / 29 / RCT / CDR
Cinotti G19 / 1996 / 46 / Ret / CDR
Coric D20 / 2011 / 133 / RCT / Allo
2011 / 136 / RCT / CDR
Cuatico W / 198121 / 81 / Ret / ACD
Dan NG22 / 1998 / 476 / Ret / ACD
Davis23 / 2013 / . / RCT / Auto, CDR / See Mobi-C
de Tribolet N24 / 1981 / 17 / Ret / ACD
Debusscher F25 / 2009 / 20 / Pro / Spacer
Delamarter RB26 / 2013 / 239 / RCT / CDR
Ding C27 / 2012 / 32 / Ret / CDR
Donaldson JW28 / 2002 / 64 / Ret / ACD
Dowd GC29 / 1999 / 44 / RCT / ACD,
1999 / 40 / RCT / ACDF
Duggal N30 / 2004 / 26 / Pro / CDR
Enan A31 / 2011 / 14 / Pro / CDR
Erickson M32 / 2007 / 56 / Pro / Auto
Faldini C33 / 2011 / 25 / Ret / Spacer
Feiz-Erfan I34 / 2007 / 21 / Pro / Allo
Fengbin Y35 / 2013 / 58 / Ret / Spacer
Fernández-Fairen M36 / 2012 / 33 / NRC / Auto
2012 / 28 / NRC / Spacer
Frempong-Boadu A37 / 2002 / 23 / Pro / Allo
Gaetani P38 / 1995 / 139 / Ret / ACD
Ghahreman A39 / 2009 / 55 / Pro / Auto
Goffin J40 / 2010 / 98 / Ret / CDR
Goldberg EJ41 / 2002 / 30 / Ret / Auto
Grob D42 / 2010 / 73 / Pro / CDR
Guérin P43 / 2012 / 40 / Ret / CDR
Hacker FM44 / 2013 / 94 / Ret / CDR
Hacker RJ45 / 2005 / 119 / RCT / Auto
2005 / 271 / RCT / Spacer
Haden N46 / 2005 / 105 / NRC / ACD
Hauerberg J47 / 2008 / 40 / RCT / Spacer
2008 / 46 / RCT / ACD
Heidecke V48 / 2008 / 54 / Pro / CDR
Heller JG49 / 2009 / . / RCT / Allo, CDR / See Bryan disc
Huppert J50 / 2011 / 231 / Pro / CDR
Husag L51 / 1997 / 240 / NRC / ACD
Jensen WK52 / 2009 / 91 / Ret / Allo
Kaiser MG53 / 2002 / 251 / Ret / Allo
Kasliwal MK54 / 2014 / 35 / Ret / Spacer
Kepler CK55 / 2010 / 20 / Ret / Spacer
Kesman T56 / 2012 / 22 / RCT / CDR
2012 / 22 / RCT / ACDF
Kim SH57 / 2007 / 23 / Ret / CDR
Kim SJ58 / 2014 / 48 / NRC / Auto
2014 / 48 / NRC / Spacer
Lafuente J59 / 2005 / 46 / Pro / CDR
Lee JH60 / 2010 / 48 / Ret / CDR
Li J61 / 2013 / 55 / Pro / CDR
Li Y62 / 2013 / 23 / Pro / Spacer
Lied B63 / 2008 / 240 / Pro / Auto
Lieu A64 / 1998 / 42 / Ret / ACD
Lin CN65 / 2003 / 34 / Ret / Spacer
Lind BI66 / 2007 / 12 / RCT / Auto
2007 / 12 / RCT / Spacer
Löfgren H67 / 2000 / 15 / NRC / Auto
2000 / 14 / NRC / Allo
López-Oliva Muñoz F68 / 1998 / 34 / Ret / Auto
Lunsford LD69 / 1980 / 128 / Ret / ACD
Maldonado CV70 / 2011 / 85 / NRC / Spacer
2011 / 85 / NRC / CDR
Malham G71 / 2013 / 24 / Pro / CDR
Martin GJ Jr72 / 1999 / 317 / Ret / Allo
Martino V73 / 1997 / 40 / NRC / ACD
Marzluff J74 / 2010 / 148 / RCT / Allo
2010 / 151 / RCT / CDR
Mastronardi L75 / 2006 / 36 / Ret / Spacer
Matge G76 / 2002 / 250 / Ret / Spacer
Maurice-Williams RS77 / 1999 / 80 / Ret / ACD
McAfee PC78 / 2010 / 100 / RCT / Allo
2010 / 151 / RCT / CDR
Mehren C79 / 2006 / 54 / Ret / CDR
Miao J80 / 2013 / 79 / Pro / CDR
Mobi-C device FDA exemption trial / 164 / RCT / CDR / See Singh K 2012; Davis RJ 2013
81 / RCT / Auto
Moreland DB81 / 2004 / 28 / NRC / Allo
2004 / 37 / NRC / Spacer
Mummaneni82 / 2007 / . / RCT / Allo, CDR / See Prestige disc
Murrey83 / 2009 / . / RCT / Auto, CDR / See ProDisc
Nabhan A84 / 2007 / 21 / RCT / Spacer
2007 / 20 / RCT / CDR
Nabhan A85 / 2009 / 40 / RCT / ACDF w/wo plate
Nanda A86 / 2013 / 1026 / Ret / Allo
Nandoe Tewarie RDS87 / 2007 / 456 / Ret / ACD
Niu CC88 / 2010 / 53 / Pro / Spacer
Nunley PD89 / 2012 / 173 / RCT / ACDF,CDR / Review of multiple RCTs
Nunley PD90 / 2013 / 763 / RCT / ACDF,CDR / Review of multiple RCTs
Oktenoglu T91 / 2007 / 20 / NRC / ACD
Palma L92 / 2010 / 110 / Ret / ACD
Pan HC93 / 2007 / 21 / Ret / Auto
Park HW94 / 2009 / 31 / Pro / Spacer
Park MS95 / 2004 / 26 / Ret / Allo
Park SB96 / 2012 / 18 / NRC / Spacer
2012 / 15 / NRC / CDR
Payer M97 / 2006 / 12 / NRC / Auto
2006 / 24 / NRC / Spacer
Peng CW98 / 2011 / 40 / Pro / CDR
Peolsson A99 / 2007 / 46 / RCT / Auto
2007 / 49 / RCT / Spacer
Pettine KA100 / 2010 / 31 / RCT / Allo
2010 / 30 / RCT / CDR
Phillips FM101 / 2013 / 185 / RCT / Allo
2013 / 218 / RCT / CDR
Pickett GE102 / 2006 / 74 / Pro / CDR
Pimenta L103 / 2007 / 71 / Pro / CDR
Pitzen TR104 / 2009 / 132 / Pro / Auto
Pointillart V105 / 1995 / 68 / Ret / ACD
Porchet F106 / 2004 / 28 / RCT / Auto
2004 / 27 / RCT / CDR
Prestige disc FDA exemption trial / 265 / RCT / Allo / See Mummaneni PV 2007, Burkus JK 2010
276 / RCT / CDR
ProDisc FDA exemption trial / 106 / RCT / Auto / See Murrey D 2009, Delamarter RB 2013
103 / RCT / CDR
Profeta G107 / 2000 / 58 / NRC / Auto
2000 / 62 / NRC / Spacer
Quan GM108 / 2011 / 21 / Pro / CDR
Rao PJ109 / 2008 / 38 / Ret / ACD
Ren X110 / 2011 / 45 / Pro / CDR
Riina J111 / 2008 / 9 / RCT / Allo
2008 / 10 / RCT / CDR
Robertson JT112 / 1980 / 135 / NRC / ACD
Robertson JT113 / 2005 / 158 / NRC / Spacer
2005 / 74 / NRC / CDR
Rohe SM114 / 2009 / 54 / Pro / Spacer
Rollinghoff M115 / 2012 / 23 / NRC / Spacer
2012 / 19 / NRC / CDR
Ruetten S116 / 2009 / 103 / Pro / Auto
Ryu KS117 / 2010 / 36 / Pro / CDR
Sasso RC118 / 2011 / 138 / RCT / Allo
2011 / 181 / RCT / CDR
Savolainen S119 / 1998 / 91 / RCT / Auto
1998 / 31 / RCT / ACD
Schluessmann E120 / 2010 / 691 / Pro / CDR
121 / 2006 / 54 / Ret / Spacer
Sekerci Z122 / 2006 / 20 / Pro / Spacer
Sekhon LH123 / 2004 / 11 / Ret / CDR
Shad A124 / 2005 / 22 / Pro / Spacer
Shapiro S125 / 2001 / 111 / NRC / Auto
2001 / 142 / NRC / Allo
Shim CS126 / 2006 / 61 / Ret / CDR
Singh127 / 2012 / . / Ret / Auto, CDR / See Mobi-C
Song KJ128 / 2006 / 41 / NRC / Auto
2006 / 19 / NRC / Spacer
Song KJ129 / 2010 / 41 / Pro / Spacer
Suchomel P130 / 2010 / 54 / Ret / CDR
Thorell W131 / 1998 / 235 / Ret / Auto
1998 / 290 / Ret / ACD
Tian W132 / 2010 / 50 / Pro / CDR
Trahan J133 / 2011 / 38 / Ret / Allo
Tu TH134 / 2012 / 75 / Ret / CDR
Türeyen K135 / 2003 / 43 / Ret / Spacer
Tzaan W136 / 2011 / 94 / Pro / ACD
Vaccaro A137 / 2013 / 140 / RCT / Allo
2013 / 240 / RCT / CDR
Walraevens J138 / 2010 / 87 / Pro / CDR
Wang MY139 / 2005 / 20 / Ret / Auto
Wang X140 / 2009 / 64 / Ret / Spacer
Watters WC141 / 1994 / 62 / Ret / ACD
White BD142 / 2005 / 87 / Ret / ACD
Wirth FP143 / 2000 / 25 / RCT / ACD
2000 / 25 / RCT / Auto
Wu JC144 / 2012 / 42 / Ret / CDR
Xie J145 / 2007 / 15 / RCT / ACD
2007 / 27 / RCT / allo
Yamamoto I146 / 1991 / 55 / Ret / ACD
Yang S147 / 2008 / 19 / Pro / CDR
Yang YC148 / 2009 / 15 / Ret / CDR
Yoon DH149 / 2006 / 46 / Ret / CDR
Yue WM150 / 2003 / 15 / Ret / Allo
Zagra A151 / 2013 / 24 / Ret / Auto
2013 / 62 / Ret / Spacer
Zevgaridis D152 / 2002 / 18 / NRC / Auto
2002 / 18 / NRC / Spacer
Zhang X153 / 2012 / 53 / RCT / Allo
2012 / 56 / RCT / CDR
Zhang Z154 / 2014 / 66 / Pro / CDR
Zhao YB155 / 2010 / 22 / Ret / CDR
Zoëga B156 / 1998 / 27 / Pro / Auto
Abbreviations: Study types – NRC = non-randomized case-control trial; Pro = observational with prospective data collection; RCT = randomized, controlled trial; Ret = retrospective data collection;Procedures – ACD = anterior cervical discectomy without fusion; Allo = anterior cervical discectomy with allograft fusion; Auto = anterior cervical discectomy with autograft fusion; CDR = cervical disc replacement; Spacer = anterior cervical discectomy with fusion using a cage or other spacer device
Table S2: Total* Expected Costs Associated with Different Surgeries and Outcomes
Mean ($US) / SDFirst Operation
Autograft
Average case / 18,948 / 298
No complications / 17,916 / -
Complications / 24,548 / -
Allograft
Average case / 18,493 / 238
No complications / 18,197 / -
Complications / 24,548 / -
Spacer
Average case / 18,068 / 226
No complications / 17,802 / -
Complications / 24,434 / -
CDR
Average case / 19,218 / 278
No complications / 18,940 / -
Complications / 24,447 / -
ACD
Average case / 16,030 / 217
No complications / 15,722 / -
Complications / 22,354 / -
Reoperation, adjacent level (includes those with and without complications) / Costs added to those of first operation
CDR – same as 1st CDR operation / 19,218 / 278
All others – same as 1st allograft operation / 18,493 / 238
Reoperation, same level (includes additional surgeon-related costs related to reversing/revising 1st procedure) / Costs added to those of first operation
CDR / 2007 / 151
All others / 2889 / 177
*= surgeon-,facility-, implant- and outpatient follow-up-related costs; - = not calculated
Abbreviations: CDR = cervical disc replacement; ACD = anterior cervical discectomy without fusion
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