CHAPTER 3 Practice TEST

Cell Structures and Their Functions

  1. Substances outside the plasma membrane are called
  2. intracellular
  3. extracellular
  4. intercellular
  5. both b and c
  6. all of the above
  1. According to then fluid mosaic model,
  2. protein molecules function as carrier molecules, enzymes, or structural supports
  3. there is a double protein layer in the plasma membrane
  4. there are fats floating in the protein layer
  5. carbohydrates function as membrane channels
  6. nonpolar ends of phospholipids are exposed to water inside and outside the cell
  1. Phospholipid molecules
  2. have a phosphate-containing end that is nonpolar
  3. have a fatty acid end that is polar
  4. are arranged in a double layer in the plasma membrane
  5. often have carbohydrate molecules attached to them
  6. all of the above
  1. Sodium, potassium, and chloride ions pass through the plasma membrane
  2. by dissolving in the phospholipid layer
  3. by passing through membrane channels
  4. by being transported by carrier molecules
  5. by dissolving in enzyme molecules
  6. both a and b
  1. Which of the following molecules is correctly matched with its method of movement through the plasma membrane?
  2. lipid-soluble molecules – pass through membrane channels
  3. small, water-soluble molecules (ions) – dissolve in double phospholipid layer
  4. large, water – soluble molecules - transported by carrier molecules
  5. glucose and amino acid molecules – pass through membrane channels
  6. all of the above
  1. Diffusion
  2. is the movement of a substance by active transport
  3. is the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
  4. is the product of random movement of all atoms, molecules, and ions in a solution
  5. always moves down the concentration gradient
  6. b,c,and d
  1. The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is
  2. filtration pressure
  3. diffusion pressure
  4. osmotic pressure
  5. membrane pressure
  6. selective pressure
  1. If sugar solution A, which is twice as concentrated as solution B, is separated from solution B by a selectively permeable membrane, there would be
  2. a net movement of water from A to B
  3. a net movement of water from B to A
  4. no net movement of water
  1. A red blood cell placed in distilled water
  2. would swell and lyse
  3. would shrink and lyse
  4. would swell and crenate
  5. would shrink and crenate
  1. Solutions injected into tissues or into the circulatory system must be ______to prevent crenation or swelling of cells.
  2. hypertonic
  3. hypotonic
  4. isotonic
  1. Movement through a membrane in response to a pressure difference is called
  2. lysis
  3. facilitated transport
  4. filtration
  5. crenation
  6. both c and d
  1. Active transport
  2. can move substances against their concentration gradient
  3. requires metabolic energy (ATP)
  4. may exchange one substance for another
  5. involves carrier molecules
  6. all of the above
  1. Endocytosis
  2. involves the formation of a vesicle by “pinching off” the cell membrane
  3. involves the movement of materials to the outside of the cell
  4. is the opposite of phagocytosis
  5. is a kind of active transport
  6. both b and c
  1. The sperm cell is able to move (motile) because of its
  2. numerous cilia
  3. microvilli
  4. flagellum
  5. numerous lysosomes
  6. active transport mechanism
  1. A cell that was producing large amounts of lipoproteins (proteins combined with lipids) for secretion from the cell would have large numbers of
  2. lysosomes
  3. Golgi apparatus
  4. ribosomes
  5. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  6. b,c,and d
  1. Which of the following cell organelles is NOT correctly matched with its function?
  2. nucleus – contains the genetic material of the cell
  3. lysosome- contains digestive enzymes
  4. mitochondria – site of protein synthesis
  5. Golgi apparatus – packages proteins in secretory vesicles
  6. Smooth ER – site of lipid synthesis
  1. Nucleoli
  2. are located in the cytoplasm
  3. are the locations for production of ribosomal RNA
  4. have a distinct membrane
  5. are important for the formation of Golgi apparatus
  6. all of the above
  1. Phagocytic white blood cells would be expected to have large numbers of
  2. mitochondria
  3. microtubules
  4. nucleoli
  5. lysosomes
  6. cilia
  1. Which of the following cells would most likely have the largest number of mitochondria?
  2. bone cells
  3. muscle cells
  4. fat cells
  5. blood cells
  6. skin cells
  1. Which of the following structures are NOT correctly matched with their description?
  2. cilia – projections from the cell surface that move materials embedded in mucus
  3. microtubules – hollow tubules that support the cytoplasm
  4. flagella – short projections from cell surface – many per cell
  5. microvilli – extensions of the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption
  6. cilia and flagella – contain microtubules
  1. Transcription
  2. takes place in the nucleus of the cell
  3. occurs when double strands of DNA separate, and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides
  4. produces mRNA
  5. determines the sequence of codons on mRNA
  6. all of the above
  1. Given the following events:
  1. DNA transcribes mRNA
  2. tRNA pairs with mRNA
  3. mRNA passes from nucleus into cytoplasm
  4. peptide bonds are formed

The correct sequence for the occurrence of these events in protein synthesis is

  1. 1,2,3,4
  2. 1,3,2,4
  3. 1,2,4,2
  4. 1,4,3,2
  5. 4,3,1,2
  1. In humans
  2. the diploid number of chromosomes is 46
  3. each body cell has 23 chromosomes
  4. each body cell has 2 pair of sex chromosomes
  5. a male has two X chromosomes in each body cell
  6. each body cell has 46 autosomes
  1. Which of the following phases is NOT correctly matched with its description?
  2. metaphase – chromosomes align along the center of the cell
  3. interphase – period between active cell division
  4. telophase – chromosomes begin to unravel and resemble the genetic material during interphase
  5. prophase – chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell
  6. anaphase – centromeres and chromatids separate
  1. During the process of mitosis in humans,
  2. centrioles are points of attachment between chromatids
  3. replication of DNA during interphase produces identical chromatids
  4. when centromeres separate, there are two identical sets of 23 chromosomes
  5. four daughter cells are produced from one original cell
  6. all of the above
  1. The trillions of cells that make up the body of an adult
  2. develop from a single fertilized egg
  3. all have identical DNA
  4. have different functions because different cells have different DNA
  5. often have different numbers of chromosomes
  6. both a and b
  1. Differentiation occurs when
  2. DNA is lost during mitosis
  3. Cytoplasm is lost during mitosis
  4. RNA takes over function of the cell from DNA
  5. portions of DNA remain active, while other portions are inactive
  6. both a and b
  1. A selective poison that blocked the function of the mitochondria was used on a group of cells. Which of the following processes would most likely be interrupted by this poison?
  2. diffusion
  3. osmosis
  4. facilitated diffusion
  5. active transport
  6. filtration
  1. A group of cells was treated with a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme. Which of the following processes would be least affected by the treatment?
  2. diffusion of molecules through membrane channels
  3. diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane
  4. movement of molecules by facilitated diffusion
  5. attachment of molecules to receptors in the plasma membrane
  6. movement of molecules by active transport
  1. A cell examined under the microscope shows large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatuses, and secretory vesicles. To which of the following tissues would this cell most likely belong?
  2. bone
  3. muscle
  4. mammary gland
  5. blood
  6. fat
  1. A dialysis membrane is selectively permeable, and substances smaller than proteins are able to pass through it. If you wanted to use a dialysis machine to remove only urea ( a small molecule) from blood, what could you use for the dialysis fluid? The dialysis machine allows blood to flow past one side of the dialysis membrane and the dialysis fluid flows on the other side of the membrane.
  2. a solution that is isotonic and contains only protein
  3. a solution that is isotonic and contains the same concentration of substances as blood, except for having no urea in it
  4. distilled water
  5. blood
  6. hypertonic salt water
  1. A man’s body was found floating in the salt water of San FranciscoBay, which has about the same osmotic concentration as body fluids. When seen during the autopsy, the cells in his lung tissues were clearly swollen. Choose the most logical conclusion:
  2. He probably drowned in the bay.
  3. He probably drowned, but in fresh water, rather than in the bay.
  4. He did not drown
  5. The data do not allow you to determine if the person drowned in the bay.

MATCH THE TYPE OF RNA WITH THE CORRECT DESCRIPTION.

  1. contains groups of three nucleotides called codons
  1. combines with protein to form ribosomal subunits
  1. has an anticodon; pairs with a specific amino acid
  1. mRNA
  2. tRNA
  3. rRNA

MATCH THE TYPE OF TRANSPORT MECHANISM WITH THE CORRECT DESCRIPTION.

  1. carrier molecules move substances down the concentration gradient
  1. molecules move from greater to lesser concentration because of random motion
  1. carrier molecules move a substance against (up) the concentration gradient
  1. ingestion of solid particles by vesicle formation
  1. passage of a solution through a membrane in response to pressure
  1. active transport
  2. diffusion
  3. facilitated diffusion
  4. filtration
  5. phagocytosis