Bones/Parts to Know for Lab Practical 2

Bones/Parts to Know for Lab Practical 2

A. Axial Skeleton (Know the bone and associated parts listed in parentheses after the bone)

1. Cranial Bones:

Frontal (Frontal sinus, supraorbital foramen)

Parietal Bones

Occipital bone (Foramen magnum, occipital condyle)

Temporal bones (mastoid process, styloid process, zygomatic

process, carotid canal,

external auditory meatus, jugular foramen, mandibular condylar process, auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes))

Sphenoid bone (optic canal, sella turcica)

Ethmoid bone (cribiform plate, crista galli)

2. Sutures: sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal, squamosal

3. Facial Bones:

Palatine bones

Zygomatic bones (temporal process, zygomatic arch)

Lacrimal bones

Nasal bones

Vomer

Maxilla

Mandible (mental foramen, mandibular condyle)

4. Other Structures: zygomatic arch, hard palate

5. Teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars

6. Fetal Skull Fontanels: frontal (anterior), occipital (posterior), mastoid (posteriolateral), sphenoidal ((anteriolateral)

7. Hyoid Bone

8. Vertebral Column:

Types: cervical (including atlas & axis), thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Parts: body, spinous process, transverse process, superior & inferior articular processes, vertebral foramen, costal facets, intervertebral discs,, intervertebral foramen, sacroiliac joint

9. Thoracic Cage:

Ribs: true (“vertebrosternal”), false (“vertebrocostal”), floating

Sternum: manubrium, body, xiphoid process, clavicular notch, jugular notch

B. Appendicular Skeleton

1. Upper appendages

a. Humerus- greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertuberclar sulcus, deltoid tuberosity, medial and lateral epicondyles, capitulum, trochlea, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa

b. Radius- head, neck, radial tuberosity, styloid process

c. Ulna- olecranon process, coronoid process, semilunar (“trochlear”) notch, radial notch, styloid process, head

d. Carpals-

i. Triquestral (“triangular;” “triquestum”)

ii. Pisiform

iii. Hamate

iv. Capitate

v. Lunate

vi. Scaphoid

vii. Trapezium

viii. Trapezoid

e. Metacarpals- base, shaft, head

f. Phalanges- proximal, distal, middle, pollex; base, shaft, head

2. Pectoral (shoulder) girdle

a. Scapula- spine, acromion process, glenoid fossa, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, coracoid process

b. Clavicle- sternal end, acromial end, body

3. Lower appendages

a. Femur- head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, lateral and medial epicondyle, lateral and medial condyle, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface

b. Patella- articular facets

c. Tibia- lateral and medial condyle, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

d. Fibula- head, lateral malleolus

e. Tarsals

i. Talus

ii. Navicular

iii. Cuboid,

iv. Cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate, medial)

v. calcaneous

f. Metatarsals- base, shaft, head

g. Phalanges- distal, middle, proximal, hallux (head, shaft, base)

4. Pelvic (hip) girdle

a. Coxal Bone (“pelvic,” “os coxa,” “innominate”)

i. Ilium- iliac crest, anterior [superior & inferior] iliac spine, posterior [superior & inferior] iliac spine, greater sciatic notch

ii. Ischium- ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch

iii. Pubis- pubic symphysis

iv. Misc.- obturator foramen, acetabulum, sacroiliac joint