Biotechnology Unit Review Answers

  1. Biology and Technology
  2. Selective Breeding
  3. Genetic Engineering
  4. or Gene Manipulation
  5. Selective Breeding is old; Genetic Engineering and Gene Manipulation are new.
  6. A plasmid is a ring of DNA in a bacterial cell
  7. A restriction enzyme cuts a piece of DNA in a specific location. In the notes we represented it as a pair of scissors because in a way it “cuts” the DNA.
  8. Recombinant DNA is made of 2 organisms’ DNA. It has all of the DNA of one organism and a piece of DNA containing the gene from the other organism. It is shaped like a ring or a circle.
  9. They got it from (pregnant, Canadian) horses.
  10. By inserting a human gene for insulin into a bacterial plasmid, and then inserting the new DNA (recombinant DNA) into a bacterial cell.
  11. Inserting a gene from a flounder into a tomato cell’s DNA so the tomato doesn’t freeze.
  12. The idea that in the future you could have scientists insert the genes that you desire into your baby’s DNA when it’s a zygote.
  13. Dolly the sheep
  14. The DNA is removed from a normal cell (like a skin cell) and then is inserted into an egg cell that has had its DNA removed.
  15. Electrophoresis
  16. DNA fragments are loaded into a gel and then a current is turned on which drags the DNA from one end to the other end. The smaller and more charged pieces travel farther than the larger and less charged pieces.
  17. The pattern of the bands is different for all individuals (except identical twins). So if DNA is found at a crime scene and it was analyzed using DNA fingerprinting, the criminal’s DNA would look different than anybody else’s. So they could also run a sample from you and compare the two to see if you were guilty.
  18. For paternity testing they would take a DNA sample from the baby, the mom, and any of the possible dads. They would then run the DNA fingerprint and compare the bands. The baby’s DNA would come from the mom and the dad so some of the bands would be the same as the mom’s and some of the baby’s bands would be the same as the dad’s. This is because the baby has ½ of mom’s DNA and ½ of dad’s DNA.