Buenaventura & Pape XXX: Supplementary material S1-2

Appendix S1. Morphological characters for phylogenetic analysis

1. Ocellar setae, size

0 regular

1 very strong

2. Vertical setae, size

0 regular

1 very strong

3. Setae on prosternum and/or posterior surface of hind coxa, colour

0 black

1 yellow or light brown

4. Presutural dorsocentrals, size

0 well differentiated

1 reduced

5. Scutellar marginal setae, number (including apicals)

0 two

1 three

2 four

6. Lateral margin of scutellum, dense patch of whitish soft setae

0 absent

1 present

7. Katepisternal setae, number

0 three

1 two

8. Tegula, colour

0 orange

1 black

9. Postalar wall, colour of anterior setae

0 black

1 white or yellow

10. Lower calypter, configuration of fringe of hair-like setae

0 not particularly developed or only on the anterior half

1 extending to or almost to posterior corner

11. Lower calypter, dorsal setae

0 absent

1 present

12. Male mid femur, ctenidium

0 present

1 absent

13. Male mid femur with ctenidium, shape of spines

0 rounded

1 flattened

14. Male hind femoral organ, setae

0 unmodified, not set in a patch

1 very closely set in a patch

15. Male hind femur, shape

0 straight

1 curved

16. Hind tibia, apical posteroventral seta

0 not differentiated

1 well differentiated

17. Tergites III and IV, dorsal length relative to the ventral length

0 equal

1 greater

18. Tergite V, shape of posteroventral margin

0 squared

1 rounded

19. Tergite V, shape of ventral margin

0 not enlarged

1 enlarged postero-ventrally

20. Tergite V, orientation of the setae on postero-lateral area in lateral view

0 directed posteriorly

1 directed ventrally

21. Sternites I and II, colour of setae

0 black

1 yellow or light brown

22. Sternite IV posteriorly, setosity

0 with no particular configuration

1 with a patch of strong setae

23. Sternite IV posteriorly, setosity pattern

0 continuous

1 interrupted in the middle

24. Sternite V, colour

0 orangish or brownish

1 blackish

25. Sternite V, antero-medial processes

0 absent

1 present

26. Inner margins of arms of sternite V, setosity pattern

0 sparse, not set in a particular configuration

1 forming a patch

27. Patch in the inner margins of arms of sternite V, shape of setosity

0 soft setae

1 strong setae

28. Male genitalic segments, size with regard to size of abdominal segments

0 gradually smaller

1 abruptly smaller

29. Syntergosternite 7+8, shape in dorsal view

0 as wide as long

1 longer than wide

30. Syntergosternite 7+8, colour

0 orangish or brownish or partially black

1 entirely black

31. Epandrium, shape in lateral view

0 as high as long

1 longer than high

2 higher than long

32. Cercal prong, colour

0 completely black

1 orange proximally and brown or dark brown distally

2 completely orange

33. Cercal base, shape

0 not particularly extended

1 extended laterally as rounded wing-like flanges

34. Cercal prong dorso-ventrally, shape

0 thick

1 flattened

35. Cercal base, patch of closely set setae

0 absent

1 present

36. Cercal apex in lateral view, shape

0 truncated

1 bluntly swollen

2 acute

3 bifurcated

4 rounded

37. Cercal prong, shape of posterior surface in lateral view

0 straight or almost straight

1 angulated

2 gently bent

3 abruptly bent

4 S-shaped

38. Cercal prong, thickness

0 gradually reduced to the apex

1 abruptly reduced in the distal half

39. Cercal prong, lateral keels

0 absent

1 present

40. Cercal prong, posterior swelling

0 absent

1 present

41. Cercal prong with posterior swelling, shape

0 distal and proximal parts equally pronounced

1 distal part becomes more pronounced

42. Cercal prong, shape of setae

0 regular size to long

1 minute

43. Cercal prong, swollen posterior process

0 absent

1 present

44. Cercal prong, saddle-shaped concavity

0 absent

1 present

45. Cercal prong, medial tooth-like projection

0 absent

1 present

46. Cercal prong, posterior spines

0 absent

1 present

47. Surstylus, shape

0 triangular

1 squared

48. Surstylus squared, proportions

0 longer than wide

1 shorter than wide

49. Surstylus, rounded basal lobe with strong setae

0 absent

1 present

50. Surstylus, shape of anterior and posterior margin

0 straight

1 slightly folded

51. Surstylus, length

0 at most half as long as cercal prong

1 almost as long as cercal prong

52. Surstylus apex, shape

0 simple

1 bifid

53. Surstylus, degree of sclerotization of postero-distal area with respect to the remaining surstylus

0 equally sclerotized

1 less sclerotized

54. Surstylus, membranous dorsal extension

0 absent

1 present

55. Postgonite, orientation

0 parallel to the body axis

1 perpendicular to the body axis

56. Pregonite, shape of posterior margin

0 straight or slightly curved

1 gently curved

2 strongly curved

57. Pregonite proximally, shape of margin

0 simple

1 folded

58. Pregonite distally, shape of margin

0 simple

1 folded

59. Pregonite, strong setae proximally

0 absent

1 present

60. Pregonite, rounded projection on the inner margin

0 absent

1 present

61. Pregonite apex, shape

0 rounded

1 acuted

62. Postgonal apodeme, shape

0 small or reduced

1 enlarged

63. Phallus, length

0 longer than pregonite

1 very short, equal to the pregonite or shorter

64. Phallus, connection between basi- and distiphallus

0 continuous

1 with a desclerotized strip

2 with a distinct hinge

65. Basiphallus at junction with distiphallus, short dorsal extension

0 absent

1 present

66. Basiphallus, dorsal hump

0 absent

1 present

67. Paraphallic apical elongated expansion with apical spines

0 absent

1 present

68. Phallic window

0 absent

1 present

69. Juxta

0 absent

1 present

70. Juxta, connection with paraphallus

0 demarcation absent

1 demarcation present

71. Juxta, length

0 short (half of the distiphallic length or shorter)

1 long (two times the distiphallic length)

2 extremely long (four times the distiphallic length or longer)

72. Juxta, shape

0 semi-squared

1 broad proximally and gradually getting narrow to the bifid apex

2 tongue-shaped

3 as a deflated balloon

4 bifurcated into two juxtal lateral plates

5 entire plate with lateral edges folded ventrally, resembling a long tube

6 globose

73. Juxta, shape of medial part

0 flat

1 dome-shaped

74. Juxta resembling a long tube, shape of basal half with regard to the distal half

0 equally broad

1 broader

75. Juxta, basal processes

0 absent

1 present

76. Juxtal lateral plates, direction of extention

0 anteriorly

1 laterally

77. Juxtal lateral plates, thickness

0 broad

1 narrow

78. Juxta bifurcated into two juxtal lateral plates, location of bifurcation

0 closer to the juxtal base

1 at about middle of juxtal length

2 closer to the juxtal apex

79. Juxta, shape of distal margin

0 simple

1 with horns

2 with spines

80. Juxtal basal horn

0 developed

1 reduced

81. Juxtal basal horn, length

0 about 7 times longer than the other horns

1 less than 5 times the length of the other horns

2 barely distinguishable

82. Juxtal basal horn, shape

0 surrounding the other horns

1 straight or curved, but never surrounding the other horns

83. Juxtal distal horns

0 separated and distinguishable

1 reduced or fused

84. Juxtal lateral plates, orientation in apical view

0 convergent

1 parallel

85. Juxta noticeably swollen in the middle

0 absent

1 present

86. Juxta, degree of sclerotization

0 completely sclerotized

1 membranous or semi-sclerotized

87. Paraphallic lateral plate

0 absent

1 present

88. Harpes

0 absent

1 present

89. Harpes, hinge between proximal and distal parts

0 absent

1 present

90. Phallotrema, shape

0 not folded

1 folded, forming more than one opening

91. Styli, number

0 one

1 three

2 two

92. Lateral styli

0 present

1 absent

93. Lateral styli

0 not collapsed

1 collapsed

94. Lateral styli, configuration

0 separated

1 fused

95. Lateral stylus, shape of base

0 simple

1 coiled or spiraling

96. Lateral stylus, stylar lateral plate

0 absent

1 present

97. Lateral stylus, stylar membranose lobe

0 absent

1 present

98. Lateral stylus, shape distally

0 not enlarged

1 strongly enlarged

99. Lateral stylus, shape

0 short and wider at the base

1 elongated and filiform

100. Lateral styli, distal configuration

0 very attached to the acrophallic rim

1 individualized

101. Capitis

0 present

1 absent

102. Capitis, shape

0 not elongated

1 elongated

103. Median process

0 present

1 absent

104. Median process, shape

0 tubular

1 lobulated

105. Vesica

0 present

1 reduced/absent

106. Vesica, demarcation with respect to the phallic tube

0 present

1 reduced

107. Vesica, size

0 small

1 large

108. Vesica, configuration

0 one plate

2 two plates

3 three plates

109. Vesica, shape in lateral view

0 thick and rounded

1 flattened dorsoventrally

2 flattened laterally

3 tubular

4 medially bulbous with two lateral plates

110. Vesica, shape of distal margin

0 rounded

1 acuted

2 squared

3 notched

4 pointed

5 hammer-shaped

111. Vesica, setae-like structures

0 absent

1 present

112. Vesica, surface

0 smooth

1 micro-spinose

113. Vesica, localization in the distiphallus

0 taking up the basal half

1 taking up the basal third or less

114. Female TVI, shape

0 entire

1 with a mid-dorsal line or narrow membranous longitudinal mid-dorsal line

2 composed of two plates

3 divided into two lateral door-like plates

115. Cephaloskeleton of 1st instar

0 not extended

1 extended

116. Cephaloskeleton of 1st instar

0 curved ventrally towards the parastomal bar.

1 curved ventrally and reachingthe parastomal bar.

Table S1. Molecular data used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the Peckia clade.

Taxa / Author name / GenBank Accession numbers
28S / COI / CytB / CAD4 / EF1a
Calliphora vomitoria / (Linnaeus, 1758) / JQ307776 / FJ025603 / FJ025705 / FJ025567 / JQ307782
Engelimyia inops / (Walker, 1849) / GQ409238 / GQ409324 / GQ409395 / n.a. / n.a.
Helicobia pilipleura / Lopes, 1939 / GQ409242 / GQ409329 / GQ409399 / n.a. / GQ409464
Helicobia rapax / (Walker, 1849) / GQ409243 / GQ409330 / GQ409400 / n.a. / GQ409465
Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor / (Curran & Walley, 1934) / n.a. / GQ409344 / GQ409412 / n.a. / n.a.
Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans / (Walker, 1861) / GQ409256 / GQ409345 / GQ409413 / n.a. / GQ409475
Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma / (Wiedemann, 1830) / GQ409255 / GQ409343 / GQ409411 / GQ409303 / n.a.
Peckia (Peckia) gulo / (Fabricius, 1805) / n.a. / n.a. / FJ025743 / n.a. / n.a.
Peckia (Peckia) uncinata / (Hall, 1933) / GQ409257 / GQ409346 / GQ409414 / GQ409304 / n.a.
Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens / (Wiedemann, 1830) / n.a. / GQ409357 / GQ409424 / GQ409309 / n.a.
Peckia (Sarcodexia) tridentata / (Hall, 1937) / GQ409254 / GQ409342 / GQ409410 / GQ409302 / n.a.
Peckia (Squamatodes) ingens / (Walker, 1849) / JQ246643 / n.a. / n.a. / n.a. / n.a.
Peckimayia minutipenis / (Hall, 1937) / GQ409258 / GQ409347 / GQ409415 / n.a. / GQ409476
Sarcophaga (Neobellieria) bullata / Parker, 1916 / KC177829 / GQ223344 / KC177598 / n.a. / n.a.
Sarcophaga (Liopygia) crassipalpis / Macquart, 1839 / JF439572 / KP744020 / GQ409428 / n.a. / GQ409484
Sarcophaga (Parasarcophaga) taenionota / (Wiedemann, 1819) / KP744018 / KP744019 / n.a. / n.a. / n.a.
Titanogrypa luculenta / (Lopes, 1938) / GQ409287 / GQ409378 / GQ409445 / n.a. / GQ409495
Villegasia postuncinata / (Hall, 1933) / GQ409289 / GQ409381 / GQ409448 / n.a. / GQ409497
Wohlfahrtia vigil / (Walker, 1849) / n.a. / AF259516 / FJ379603 / n.a. / n.a.

Figure S1. Majority-rule (50%) consensus tree from the BI analysis of the morphological data the first and second character-coding schemes for the acrophallus. Values above and below branches correspond to analyses under the first and second character-coding schemes for the acrophallus respectively.

Figure S2. Consensus tree from the MP analysis of the morphological data using the first and second character-coding schemes for the acrophallus. Values above and below branches correspond to analyses under the first and second character-coding schemes for the acrophallus respectively.

Figure S3. Consensus tree from the MP analysis of the morphological data using the third character-coding scheme for the acrophallus.

Figure S4. Phylogenetic tree from the MP analysis of the molecular dataset.