SBI3U BIOLOGY WRITTEN EXAM REVIEW—MAJOR CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
UNIT 1: DIVERSITY
levels of organization
characteristics of Life
differences between plant and animal cells
characteristics of prokaryotes versus eukaryotes
binary fission, conjugation
structure of bacteria and viruses
development of bacterial resistances
bacterial colony shapes and groupings (coccus, bacillus, strepto, staphlo etc.)
advantages/disadvantages of bacteria and viruses
binomial nomenclature & Carl Linnaeus
how to make a dichotomous key
phylogeny & taxonomy – origin & progression of species
know all kingdoms
- general characteristics of each kingdom and main distinctions (Animalia, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Eubacteria, Archea)
- evolution from one kingdom to the next
general characteristics of vertebrates & invertebrates
1.Describe the general structure of a virus.
2.Describe the general structure of a bacterium.
3.What are some differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
4.Describe how viruses infect a host cell and reproduce.
5.Explain the different ways bacteria reproduce.
SELF-QUIZ – pg. 122-123
UNIT REVIEW – pg. 124 - 131
UNIT 2: GENETICS
sexual and asexual reproduction comparison
mitosis and meiosis—purpose, phases, differences
know and apply terms used in genetics: gene, allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross, purebred, hybrid, gene, allele, chromosome, chromatids, F1 generation, F2 generation, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles (blood types) etc.
#’s and types of chromosomes in males/females, gametes/somatic cells
solving problems in genetics using proper format with or without the Punnet square
different mutations of a chromosome
gene biotechnology
1.a.Describe each phase of mitosis.
- Draw a cell with 4 chromosomes in mitosis.
- Explain the importance of mitosis.
2.a.Describe each phase of meiosis.
b.Explain the importance of meiosis.
c.Draw a cell in anaphase I. Label spindle fibres, chromatids, centromere.
3.In peas, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant over the dwarf allele (t).
a)If you cross a homozygous tall plant and a short plant what will the genotype and phenotype of the offspring be?
b)Determine the F2 genotype and phenotype.
4.Mrs. Kerr had 2 pet rats named Nick and Misha. Nick's black coat colour is dominant to Misha's cream coat. Can 2 black rats (male and female) produce a cream-coloured offspring? Show the cross.
5.In peas, the allele for purple flower colour (P) is dominant over the allele for white flower colour (p). Height is inherited as above. Cross a purebred tall purple plant with a purebred dwarf white plant. What are the F1 and F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios.
6.Black is dominant to brown in guinea pigs. Short hair is dominant to long in guinea pigs. Cross 2 heterozygous black, heterozygous short guinea pigs and determine the frequency of having brown pigs with short hair.
7.What ratio does the following experimental ratio most closely respond to 29:10:8:3? What type of cross was likely carried out.
8. How is sex or gender inherited in mammals?
9.Colourblindness is sex-linked. What are the chances that a colourblind man will have a colourblind son if he has a child with a woman with no history of colourblindness. Show the cross.
10.Cross a heterozygous type A with a type O blood.
SELF-QUIZ – pg. 266 - 267
UNIT REVIEW – pg. 268 – 275
SUPPLEMENTARY GENETICS PROBLEMS – posted on EDU
UNIT 3: INTERNAL SYSTEMS
CIRCULATORY, DIGESTIVE, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
structures, functions, pathways
blood pressure, heart beat (systole, diastole)
inhalation and exhalation
lung capacity (vital, tidal, expiratory reserve)
diseases and disorders
concept of surface area to volume ratio in various systems
blood – composition and transfusion complications
1.Trace the Magic School Bus from the point where it was
a) accidentally swallowed
b) accidentally inhaled
List as many structures as you can (through the digestive, circulatory and respiratory systems) for a good review.
2.Describe what happens to a plate of French fries, eaten for lunch. Describe the pathway, chemical and mechanical digestion, absorption and activity of enzymes and bile etc.
3.Trace a molecule of blood from the foot to the brain.
SELF-QUIZ – pg. 526 - 527
UNIT REVIEW – pg. 528 - 535
UNIT 4: EVOLUTION
major researchers over time (Hutton, Lamarck, Lyell, Darwin)
sexual selection, natural selection, artificial selection
fossils – how they are used in the study of evolution, what they tell us about the past, the fossil record
Darwin
- Voyage on the Beagle
- Theory of Natural Selection
- Biogeography
vestigial features
homologous features vs. analogous features
types of natural selection
- directional
- stabilizing
- disruptive
- sexual selection
bottleneck vs. founders effect
speciation – prezygotic vs. postzygotic mechanisms
divergent evolution, convergent evolution & co-evolution
human evolution – evidence, how humans have evolved, selection mechanisms involved
SELF-QUIZ – pg. 380 - 381
UNIT REVIEW – pg. 382– 389
UNIT 5: VASCULAR PLANTS
Monocots and dicots—general differences
Vascular plants:
- Leaves – function, structure, specializations
- Stems – function, structure, specializations
- Roots – function, structure, specializations
Xylem, phloem—structure and function
Transpiration and translocation
How water & nutrients move in vascular plants (cohesion theory)
How sugar moves in vascular plants (glucose distribution theory)
1.Compare monocots and dicots and woody dicots.
2.Define the function of seed coat , micropyle, endosperm, cotyledons, radicle, apical meristems, plumule and hypocotyl.
3Describe the conditions necessary for plant germination.
4.Compare the structure of xylem and phloem.
5.Compare the function of xylem and phloem.
6.Describe transpiration, translocation.
SELF-QUIZ – pg. 632 – 633
UNIT REVIEW – pg. 634 - 637