BIOL 212 SI, Molly

Dr. Coffman and Dr. Peterson

2/11/15

1.)What is the Central Dogma?

DNA -----(Transcription)-----> RNA -----(Translation)-----> Protein

2.)What are the four functions of proteins?

  1. Enzymatic/catalytic
  2. transport
  3. Structural
  4. signaling

3.)Describe the relationship among: amino acids, codons, anticodons, start codon, stop codon, mRNA, tRNA

From the mRNA, three bases make up a codon. A tRNA will match its three-base anticodon, which designates a specific amino acid, to the start codon on mRNA. The tRNAs will keep matching their anticodons until they reach the three-base stop codon. From there, translation is complete and a protein has been created.

4.)mRNA is read in groups of three bases, called codons. These bind with anticodons on

tRNA, while the other end carries amino acids.

5.)RNA polymerase needs a primer, just like DNA polymerase needs a primer.

  1. True
  2. False

6.)Explain how transcription begins based upon your answer to question 5.

Since transcription does not require a primer, it begins at a section of genes on the DNA strand called the promoter. This is also called the “TATA box”. Transcription continues until the RNA polymerase reaches the terminator sequence.

7.)What is the difference between N-terminus and C-terminus? Where are they found on a strand of protein? Draw a general structure of a peptide chain.

N-terminus represents the amino end of an amino acid. The C-terminus represents the carboxyl end of the amino acid. In a strand of protein, the beginning is the N-terminus and the end is the C-terminus.

The blue parts signify the R-groups, so they may be replaced with any of the 20 side-chains.

8.)Can you draw a step-wise outline of the entire process? Begin with a segment of DNA!

DNA  transcription  mRNA tRNA anticodon binds to mRNA start codon rRNA contains mRNA and tRNA, helping create the peptide bonds between amino acids  translation occurs until stop codon is reached  protein is released from rRNA and sent into the cytosol

9.)Using the codon table below, code the following two sequences:

i.)5’ – UCA, AUG, GCC, AAC, AUC, UUU, GGG, CUA, UGA, CGA – 3’

N-terminus – M, A, N, I, F, G, L – C-terminus

ii.)5’ – GCA, UGG, AUA, AUG, UUC, AGA, GAG, UGG, AAC, UAA – 3’

N-terminus – M, F, R, E, W, N – C-terminus