Anatomy Guided Notes: Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
Matter:______that occupies ______
Energy: ______
Four types: 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______
Composition of Matter: ______- fundamental unites of matter
-96% of the atoms in the human body are either:______
Atom: ______
- Basic unit of matter
-Nucleus contains ______(charge ____) and ______(charge _____)
-Outside of the nucleus are ______(charge ______)
Atomic Number: equals the # of ______
Atomic Mass:______
Isotope:have the same # of ______, but vary in the # of ______
Why does the atomic weight have a decimal? ______
Radioisotope tends to be ______
Radioactivity: ______
Molecule: 2 or more ______
Compound: 2 or more ______
Atoms are united to each other by ______
Electrons and bonding
______occupy energy levels called ______
______are most strongly attracted.
Outer electron shell is called: ______
What makes electrons inert or stable? ______
-1st level: ______
-2nd level: ______(2 + 8= )
-3rd level: ______(2+ 8+ 8= )
Reactive elements are ______
They tend to (3 things)______
Ionic Bonds: form when electrons are ______
-Ions are ______
-Anion ______
-Cation ______
- Electrons are ______
Covalent Bonds: stability formed when ______
Nonpolar: ______(______like water!!)
Polar: ______(______water!!)
Hydrogen Bonds: ______chemical bonds
Hydrogen is attracted to ______
1. ______: A+B AB2. ______: ABA+ B 3.______: AB+C AC +B involves both ______and ______
Characteristics of:
Organic compounds:
Inorganic compounds:
Inorganic Compounds
What are the 4 vital properties of water?
1. ______3. ______
2. ______4. ______
-Cohesion: ______
-Adhesion: ______
Salts: dissociates into ______and includes electrolytes which ______
Acids release ______when dissolved in water. Bases are ______(-OH).
When you mix an acid and a base, you get ______and a ______.
______pH is Neutral
______pH is acidic
______pH is basic
Organic Compounds:
Carbohydrates contain ______in a ______ratio
-3 Categories of carbohydrates:
1.______
2.______
3. ______
-Living things use carbohydrates for ______
The process that connects 2 monosaccharides is called ______
-Disaccharide example: ______
-Polysaccharide example: ______
1. Starch: used as food storage ______.
Contains highly branched chains of glucose subunits.
2. Glycogen: Food storage molecule ______.
Similar to starch, but more highly branched.
3. Cellulose:Forms ______, used for support.
Glucose subunits hooked together like a chain-linked fence.
Lipids: contain the elements ______but very low #s of ______
-______in water because they are ______
List 3 types of lipids in the body:
1.- stored energy, composed of ______
2.- form cell membranes
3.- comprise cholesterol, bile, hormones
Cholesterol is the basis for all ______
-Saturated Fats: No ______(all single bonds) between the carbons of the fatty acid chain.
-Saturated with ______
Ex. Steak fat, butter fat, usually solid.
-Unsaturated Fats: Contain ______between the carbons of the fatty acid chain.
-Doesn’t have as many hydrogen b/c of double bonds = ______!
-Ex. Vegetable oil, peanut fat, usually liquid.
Proteins: made of ______
Contain the elements: ______
Account for most of the body’s organic matter
-Provides materials for ______
-Acts as ______
Enzymes are biological______. They ______rate of chemical reactions.
-How Enzymes Work: Enzymes and substrates behave as a“______”
Lock = ______
Key = ______
-To Make an Enzyme Not Work
-An enzyme’s ______can be changed (called denatured)
-Causes change in an enzyme: ______or ______
Nucleic Acid:provides the ______
-Stores cellular info. in the form of a code
Contains the elements: ______
-Made up of smaller subunits called ______
What are the 4 nucleic bases for DNAand which pair up?
1.3.
2. 4.
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (______)
-Provides ______for every ______in the body.
-Exists as a ______
-RiboNucleic Acid (______).
-Not a double helix.
-Contains the base ______
Adenosine Triphosphate: aka ______is the chemical ______
-Energy is released by ______
- How does it get replenished?______
______