Intelligence
It is the general ability to solve problems get benefit from experience for the future ; innate ability for education , achievement spearman ….test for I.Q factor can not be 100% accurate normal distribution curve .
Binet 1904 panic retarded children at school ;
I.Q = mental age / chronological age x 100
It is a genetic endowment , environmental factor ,suitable environmental stimulation home , school 80% genetic 20% environment, interaction between the two …(Developmental ability ).
Weschler test (WAIS)
For children (6verbal ,5 non –verbal ).
For adult (verbal….question …battery….non-verbal ).
Performance test ;blocks ,cubes .
I.Q test should have the following ;
1-reliability ….constancy of the results .
2-validity …degree to which test measure .
3-Norms and standardization.
4-Objectivity .
5-Practicability.
Intelligence test
A .verbal
b. non-verbal
A. Verbal;
. Binet type –question arranged in mental age.
. Spearman s approach – analogies , inferences , classifications ,synonyms .
. The weschler test –to children and adult
. Ravens mill hill- vocabulary test is used as complement to the non verbal perceptual test is used as complement to the nonverba perceptual Raven s matrices test .
. Kent oral – short battery of test .
B non –verbal
. Raven s progressive matrices -5- test .
. Sleisht s test – pictures & drawing .
Intelligence and ability
Highest professional and administrative
I.Q 150 +
Lower professional and technical
130 - 150
Clerical and highly skilled
115 - 130
Skilled and ordinary commercial
100 - 115
Semi skilled and poorest commercial
85 - 100
Unskilled and coarse manual labour
70 - 85
Casual labour
50 - 70
Institutional subnormal patient
-50
I.Q =(mental age / chronological ) x 100 .
Mild = 50 – 70 M.R /is arrest of intellectual development needs to have special care all their lives .
It is produced by causes and syndrome classification is based on severity Mild 50 -70 most common get benefit from education respond best to special habits – training and socialization can not perform or achieve their affair in adequate form .
Task rotine domestic duties shelter workshop back warded or intellectual dull are those with I.Q just below average – benefit from education at the lowest level or ordinary school.
Moderate = 40- 50 / some simple task , cleaning , eating ,toilet habits associated with physical abnormalities .no ordinary school .
Sever = 30 – 40 / Kept in special institutes , physical abnormalities , short life span , and no ordinary school .
Limitation of I.Q test
Test depend upon concept of intelligence which exists along single dimension follow low to high , from this basic the retarded person differs from gifted person in matter of degree .It would be useful in predicting school achievement from I.Q beyond school age intelligence have been low successful in precocity intellectual distinct academic performance at university is around 120. 120 at high I.Q
Testing child patient ,full physical and psychological assessment should be performed , stand am I.Q test .
Wechsler I.Q scale for child (W.I.S.C ) or Raven s columned progressive matrices .So I.Q test is reflect I.Q at child rather than predicting in the future education and academic success .
Sometimes I.Q test will be difficult in ;
1-perceptual disorders .
2-difficulty in healing .
3-physical disorder or illness.
4-cultural illness .
5-M.R…subnormal less advantage, unaurent of I.Q
Development need to have special care all their lives . it is not a specific disease but it produced by a number of causes not all at them are identified . complication is based on severity and falls into these aspect ….
Mild (50-70);-they are the largest group at the mentally retarded ,at best they may get benefit at formal education . they repined bent to special habit – training or socialization .They can not perform or achieve their affairs in adequate form.
In the adulthood they can work in simple task routine domestic duties , sheltered work shop background or intellectually dull are those with intelligence is just below average ,they may benefit from education at the lowest level or ordinary school .
Moderate (40-50) ;-incapable of managing their own affair may though simple tasks, learn to feed themselves ,toilet habits ,can not benefit from ordinary schooling ; they may be associated with physical abnormalities, short life span .
Severe (below 40) ;-sever mental retarded associated with sever physical defect , can not be feed or clean themselves ,should be kept in special institute .don t speak ,short life span .Man not live to adulthood , they have lower immunity to physical illness or fetal complication .
Mean I.Q.is 100 .// 120> average ,//80 below average.