Beyond Newborn Survival: Paper 5

Beyond newborn survival: Paper 5

Neonatal severe bacterial infection impairment estimates in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America for 2010

Supplementary information

Table of Contents

I – Input data for estimation of parameters

i) Search Terms used:

a) Search terms for apportioning pSBI cases into neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia:

b) Search terms used for neonatal case fatality rates (sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, tetanus)

c) Search terms used for impairment after neonatal meningitis and tetanus

ii) Data included

Table: Summary of data used for neonatal severe bacterial infection

a) Included studies for apportioning pSBI cases into neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia:

b) Included studies for sepsis case fatality risks

c) Included studies for meningitis case fatality risks

d) Included studies for pneumonia case fatality risks

e) Included studies for tetanus case fatality risks

f) Included studies for neurodevelopmental impairment after neonatal meningitis

g) Included studies for hearing impairment after neonatal meningitis

h) Included studies for neurodevelopmental impairment after neonatal tetanus

iii) Pooled estimates used as parameter inputs to the model

a) Proportion of neonates with sepsis

b) Proportion of neonates with meningitis

c) Proportion of neonates with pneumonia

d) Case fatality risk in neonatal sepsis

e) Case fatality risk in neonatal meningitis

f) Case fatality risk in neonatal pneumonia

g) Case fatality risk in neonatal tetanus

h) Impairment (moderate-severe) after neonatal meningitis

i) Impairment (mild) after neonatal meningitis

j) Impairment (hearing) after neonatal meningitis

k) Impairment (moderate-severe) after neonatal tetanus

II – Sensitivity analyses:

Table: Incidence of neonatal meningitis based on facility data

Pooled estimate for incidence of neonatal meningitis based on facility data

I – Input data for estimation of parameters

i) Search Terms used:

a) Search terms for apportioning pSBI cases into neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia:

Neonatal terms("infant, newborn"[MeSH Terms] OR ("infant"[All Fields] AND "newborn"[All Fields]) OR "newborn infant"[All Fields] OR "neonate"[All Fields]) OR ("infant, newborn"[MeSH Terms] OR ("infant"[All Fields] AND "newborn"[All Fields]) OR "newborn infant"[All Fields] OR "newborn"[All Fields])

AND

Infection terms; "Tetanus"[Mesh] OR "tetanus"[All Fields]; OR “Meningitis” [Mesh] OR "meningitis"[All Fields]; OR "Sepsis"[Mesh] OR "sepsis"[All Fields]; OR "Pneumonia"[Mesh] OR "pneumonia"[All Fields] OR "infection"[Mesh] OR "infection"[All Fields].

b) Search terms used for neonatal case fatality rates (sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, tetanus)

AND

An infection specific term: Tetanus terms; "Tetanus"[Mesh] OR "tetanus"[All Fields]; Meningitis terms; “Meningitis” [Mesh] OR "meningitis"[All Fields]; Sepsis terms; "Sepsis"[Mesh] OR "sepsis"[All Fields]; Pneumonia terms; "Pneumonia"[Mesh] OR "pneumonia"[All Fields]

AND

Fatality term: "Death"[Mesh] OR "death"[All Fields] OR "fatality"[Mesh] OR "fatality"[All Fields] OR ["mortality"[Subheading] OR "mortality"[All Fields] OR "mortality"[MeSH Terms].

c) Search terms used for impairment after neonatal meningitis and tetanus

An infection specific term: Tetanus terms "Tetanus"[Mesh] OR "tetanus"[All Fields] or Meningitis terms “Meningitis” [Mesh] OR "meningitis"[All Fields]

AND

AND Impairment outcomes terms

"Brain Damage, Chronic"[Mesh] OR "cerebral palsy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("cerebral"[All Fields] AND "palsy"[All Fields]) OR "cerebral palsy"[All Fields] OR "Disabled Children"[Mesh] OR "Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood"[Mesh] OR "Mental Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Communication Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Developmental Disabilities"[Mesh] OR (cognitive[All Fields] AND impairment[All Fields]) OR (motor[All Fields] AND impairment[All Fields]) OR "Epilepsy"[Mesh] OR "epilepsy"[All Fields] OR "seizures"[MeSH Terms] OR "seizures"[All Fields] OR "Vision Disorders"[Mesh] OR "blindness"[All Fields] OR "blind"[All Fields] OR ("Hearing Loss, Sensorineural"[Mesh] OR "Hearing Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Hearing Loss"[Mesh] OR ("hearing"[All Fields] AND "loss"[All Fields]) OR "hearing loss"[All Fields] OR "Deafness"[Mesh] OR "deafness"[All Fields]).

ii) Data included

Table: Summary of data used for neonatal severe bacterial infection

Literature search / Other sources e.g. surveys/ national statistics/ unpublished data / Total number of included studies
Proportions of pSBI cases sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia / Number of titles/ abstracts screened=1955
Number included=5 / N=0 / N=5
Sepsis case fatality rate / Number of titles/ abstracts screened= 2718
Number included=7 / N=0 / N=7
Meningitis case fatality rate / Number of titles/ abstracts screened= 874
Number included=19 / N=0 / N=19
Pneumonia case fatality rate / Number of titles/ abstracts screened= 1314
Number included=2 / N=0 / N=2
Tetanus case fatality rate / Searches undertaken by GBD2010
Number included=14 / N=0 / N=14
Long term impairment after meningitis / Number of titles/ abstracts screened=435
Number included=8 / N=0 / N=25
Long term impairment after tetanus / Number of titles/ abstracts screened= 493
Number included=4 / N=0 / N=8

a) Included studies for apportioning pSBI cases into neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia:

Country / Study years / Published / Author / pSBI / Sepsis / Meningitis / Pneumonia
South Africa / 2003-2004 / 2008 / Jeena / 99 / 22 / 2 / 20
Ghana / 2002-2003 / 2008 / Yeboah-Antwi / 89 / 14 / 5 / 7
India (northern) / 2004-2005 / 2007 / Deorari / 118 / 52 / n/a / 6
India (Chandigarh) / 2004-2005 / 2007 / Narang / 126 / 30 / n/a / 10
Bolivia / 2003-2004 / 2010 / Mazzi / 110 / 21 / n/a / 1

b) Included studies for sepsis case fatality risks

Country / Study years / Published / Author / Sepsis / Deaths
South Africa / 2002-03 / 2005 / Motara / 96 / 20
Nigeria / 1988 - 1990 / 1993 / Airede / 99 / 21
Ethiopia / 1997 / Ghiorghis / 542 / 195
Thailand / 2006-2009 / 1994 / Al-Taiar / 143 / 21
South Africa / 2012 / Schrag / 48 / 4
Ethiopia / 2006 / 2012 / Shah / 179 / 12
Kenya / 1990-2008 / 2010 / Mwaniki / 3252 / 547

c) Included studies for meningitis case fatality risks

Country / Study years / Published / Author / Meningitis / Deaths
South Africa / 1988-1991 / 1995 / Adhikari / 60 / 29
Nigeria / 1992-1995 / 1993 / Airede / 69 / 17
Trinidad / 1988-1990 / 1995 / Ali / 54 / 7
Niger / 1981-1996 / 1999 / Campagne / 101 / 59
Thailand / 1980-1990 / 1994 / Chotpitayasunonh / 77 / 35
South Africa / 1981-1987 / 1989 / Coovadia / 97 / 57
Jordan / 1992-1994 / 1996 / Daoud / 52 / 17
Ethiopia / 1987-1996 / 1998 / Gebremarium / 55 / 22
Brazil / 1982 - 1991 / 1996 / Krebs / 165 / 48
Kenya / 1999 / 2003 / Laving / 15 / 10
Nigeria / 1974 - 1982 / N/A / Longe / 53 / 20
Malawi / 1996-2001 / 2005 / Milledge / 202 / 85
Malawi / 1996 - 1997 / 1998 / Molyneux / 61 / 21
Kenya / 1990 - 2008 / 2010 / Mwaniki / 147 / 39
South Africa / 1981-1992 / 2000 / Nel / 88 / 30
Pakistan / 2001 / 2005 / Parkash / 94 / 20
Mexico / 1990-1995 / 1998 / Rios-Reatequi / 21 / 5
Brazil / 1997-2006 / 2002 / Bentlin / 22 / 6
Indonesia / N/A / Gessner / 28 / 9

d) Included studies for pneumonia case fatality risks

Country / Study years / Published / Author / Pneumonia / Deaths
Ethiopia / 2006 / 2012 / Shah / 306 / 43
Indonesia / 1999-2002 / N/A / Gessner / 228 / 17

e) Included studies for tetanus case fatality risks

Country / Study years / Published / Author / Tetanus / Deaths
Nigeria / 1991-2005 / 2010 / Fetuga / 94 / 59
Nigeria / 1991-2005 / 2010 / Fetuga / 57 / 37
Nigeria / 2002-2006 / 2010 / Fawibe / 35 / 20
Nigeria / 1996-2000 / 2007 / Ogunlesi / 162 / 71
Ethiopia / 1989-1998 / 2005 / Amsalu / 62 / 46
Turkey / 1994-2001 / 2004 / Ertem / 54 / 38
Nigeria / 2000 / 2003 / Asekun-Olarinmoye / 82 / 63
Nigeria / 2000 / 2003 / Asekun-Olarinmoye / 58 / 48
Ethiopia / 1994-1998 / 2001 / Nida, H. / 42 / 29
Nigeria / 1994 / 1997 / Osinusi / 75 / 58
Nigeria / 1984-1990 / 1996 / Oruamabo / 471 / 221
Mexico / 1987-1990 / 1994 / Fidler, A. / 44 / 29
Nigeria / 1989 / 1992 / Antia-Obong, O.E. / 148 / 55
Bangladesh / 1988 / 1991 / Begum, S. / 64 / 41

f) Included studies for neurodevelopmentalimpairment after neonatal meningitis

Country / Study years / Published / Author / Survivors followed up / Duration of follow-up / Moderate or severe NDI / Minor NDI
UK / 1973 -1986 / 1989 / Bell / 21 / 2 years / 8 / n/a
UK / 1996 -1997 / 2005 / De Louvois / 166 / 5 years / 39 / n/a
Canada / 1979-1998 / 2000 / Klinger / 88 / 1 year / 14 / 4
USA / 1970 -1980 / 1992 / Franco / 14 / N/A / 3 / 5
Nigeria / 1992 -1995 / 2008 / Airede / 40 / 2 years / 9
Nigeria / 1988 -1990 / 1993 / Airede / 24 / N/A / 7
Brazil / 1982 -1991 / 1996 / Krebs / 55 / 5 years / 19 / 10
Trinidad / 1988 -1990 / 1995 / Ali / 43 / N/A / 12 / 5
UK / 1985 -1987 / 2003 / Stevens / 111 / 9-10 years / 22 / 19

g) Included studies for hearing impairment after neonatal meningitis

Country / Years of study / Published / Author / Survivors followed up / Duration of follow up / Hearing Impairment
Nigeria / 1992 - 1995 / 2008 / Airede / 40 / 2 years / 3
China / 1984 - 1997 / 2000 / Chang / 60 / 1 month / 2
Canada / 1961-1970 / 1974 / Fitzhardinge / 18 / 2 years / 0
USA / 1970-1980 / 1992 / Franco / 19 / n/a / 7
UK / 1984 - 1991 / 1993 / Hristeva / 11 / 3 months to 3 years / 1
Canada / 1979-1998 / 2000 / Klinger / 88 / 1 years / 1
Brazil / 1982 - 1991 / 1996 / Krebs / 55 / 5 years / 9
USA / 1959 - 1966 / 1970 / Overall / 10 / 7 years / 2
India / 1995- 1996 / 1998 / Singh / 13 / 3 months / 6
UK / 1985 - 1987 / 2003 / Stevens / 111 / 9-12 years / 4
Australia / 1953 - 1961 / 1963 / Yu / 17 / 9 months to 8 years / 1

h) Included studies for neurodevelopmental impairment after neonatal tetanus

Country / Median year of birth cohort / Published / Author / Survivors followed up / Duration of follow up / Moderate or severe NDI
Greece / 1972 / 1983 / Tetnetzi / 40 / 5-12 years / 4
France / 1964 / 1964 / Huault / 9 / n/a / 4
Malaysia / 1975 / 1978 / Khoo / 16 / 2-3 years / 2
Turkey / 1981 / 1989 / Anlar / 24 / 4-15 years / 5

iii) Pooled estimates used as parameter inputs to the model

a) Proportion of neonates with sepsis

b) Proportion of neonates with meningitis

c) Proportion of neonates with pneumonia

d) Case fatality risk in neonatal sepsis

e) Case fatality risk in neonatal meningitis

f)Case fatality risk in neonatal pneumonia

g)Case fatality risk in neonatal tetanus

h)Impairment (moderate-severe) after neonatal meningitis

i) Impairment (mild) after neonatal meningitis

j) Impairment (hearing) after neonatal meningitis

k)Impairment (moderate-severe) after neonatal tetanus

II – Sensitivity analyses:

Table: Incidence of neonatal meningitis based on facility data

Country / Years of study / Published / Author / Births / Meningitis cases
Israel / 1986-1994 / 1997 / Greenberg / 70709 / 33
India / 1994-1995 / 1999 / Das / 6319 / 11
Pakistan / 2001 / 2003 / Aurangzeb / 5300 / 7
Jordan / 1992-1994 / 1996 / Daoud / 47669 / 6
Ethiopia / 1987-1996 / 1998 / Gebremarium / 43103 / 29
India / 1998 / 1998 / Kaushik / 2063 / 58
Trinidad / 1988 - 1990 / 2008 / Ali / 17048 / 49
Nigeria / 1974 - 1982 / 1995 / Longe / 21775 / 53

Pooled estimate for incidence of neonatal meningitis based on facility data