1
Online Supplements for Frost, K. A., Franzoi, S. L., Oswald, D. L., & Shields, S. A. (2017). Revising the Body Esteem Scale with a U.S. college student sample: Evaluation, validation, and uses for the BES-R.Sex Roles.Katherine A. Frost, Marquette University. E-mail:
BES Component Loadings forWomen’s Data, Study 1
BES 35 Items / Sexual Attractiveness / Weight Concern / Physical Condition1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings
Body scent / .40 / .40 / .02 / .02
Appetite / .17 / .40 / .44 / .04
Nose / .38 / .58 / -.09 / -.02
Physical stamina / -.08 / .06 / .76 / .74
Reflexes / .18 / -.23 / .46 / .66
Lips / .50 / .58 / -.07 / .06
Muscular strength / -.09 / -.08 / .72 / .81
Waist / -.07 / .56 / .83 / -.06
Energy level / -.03 / .12 / .56 / .66
Thighs / -.04 / .64 / .74 / -.05
Ears / .47 / .60 / -.17 / .14
Biceps / .08 / .16 / .36 / .48
Chin / .43 / .55 / .02 / .10
Body build / -.02 / .64 / .75 / .06
Physical coordination / .07 / -.15 / .57 / .76
Buttocks / .20 / .58 / .35 / .12
Agility / -.06 / .08 / .56 / .69
Width of shoulders / .21 / .32 / .12
Arms / .14 / .44 / .20
Chest/Breasts / .40 / .49 / -.04 / .06
Appearance of eyes / .42 / .55 / -.06 / -.08
Cheeks / .57 / .46 / .21 / -.06
Hips / .02 / .73 / .70 / -.04
Legs / .02 / .47 / .66 / .00
Figure/Physique / -.05 / .83 / .90 / -.02
Sex drive / .50 / .49 / .24 / -.17
Feet / .48 / -.15 / .13
Sex organs / .63 / .70 / .02 / -.10
Appearance of stomach / -.09 / .47 / .79 / .01
Health / .05 / .25 / .41 / .45
Sex activities / .46 / .51 / .21 / -.15
Body hair / .41 / .34 / .03 / .17
Physical condition / -.07 / .30 / .63 / .63
Face / .43 / .48 / .28 / -.03
Weight / -.10 / .85 / .91 / -.01
Note: Loadings at or above .34 meet the minimum loading criteria for each factor. These items are noted in bold.
BES Component Loadings for Men’s date, Study 1
BES 35 Items / Physical Attractiveness / Upper Body Strength / Physical Condition1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings
Body scent / .35 / -.26 / .26
Appetite / .17 / -.27 / .37 / .65
Nose / .43 / .50 / .09 / -.06
Physical stamina / -.06 / .06 / .65 / .73
Reflexes / .32 / .03 / .41 / .27
Lips / .41 / .65 / .07 / -.06
Muscular strength / -.08 / .65 / .85 / .00
Waist / -.06 / .12 / .61 / .70
Energy level / .15 / .04 / .59 / .60
Thighs / .33 / .17 / .46 / .27
Ears / .56 / .76 / .21 / -.32
Biceps / .03 / .64 / .89 / -.12
Chin / .56 / .49 / .07 / .16
Body build / -.20 / .54 / .51 / .57
Physical coordination / .05 / .36 / .03 / .40 / .51
Buttocks / .42 / .29 / .16 / .25
Agility / .11 / -.05 / .50 / .57
Width of shoulders / .16 / .53 / .67 / -.06
Arms / .09 / .54 / .87 / -.08
Chest/Breasts / -.06 / .53 / .50 / .41
Appearance of eyes / .52 / .73 / -.16 / -.05
Cheeks / .66 / .80 / .06 / -.14
Hips / .56 / .61 / .14 / .10
Legs / .48 / .12 / .16
Figure/Physique / -.08 / .38 / .27 / .43 / .72
Sex drive / .42 / .35 / -.01 / .23
Feet / .45 / .55 / -.04 / .02
Sex organs / .36 / .38 / .00 / .19
Appearance of stomach / -.02 / -.13 / .55 / .82
Health / .05 / -.16 / .41 / .76
Sex activities / .39 / -.15 / .25
Body hair / .38 / -.13 / .32
Physical condition / -.11 / .01 / .68 / .88
Face / .52 / .52 / -.01 / .27
Weight / .00 / .10 / .51 / .62
Note: Loadings at or above .34 meet the minimum loading criteria for each factor. These items are noted in bold.
BES Component Loadings for Women’s Data with Four New Items, Study 1
BES 35 Items Plus 5 New Items / Sexual Attractiveness / Weight Concern / Physical Condition1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings
Body scent / .40 / .42 / -.01 / .02
Appetite / .20 / .40 / .44 / .01
Nose / .38 / .61 / -.12 / -.04
Physical stamina / -.07 / .05 / .76 / .73
Reflexes / .19 / -.25 / .46 / .66
Lips / .50 / .57 / -.08 / .06
Muscular strength / -.10 / -.08 / .72 / .80
Waist / -.07 / .56 / .84 / -.08
Energy level / -.02 / .12 / .56 / .64
Thighs / -.08 / .64 / .74 / .00
Ears / .47 / .57 / -.19 / .16
Biceps / .07 / .15 / .36 / .49
Chin / .43 / .54 / -.01 / .11
Body build / -.01 / .64 / .76 / .04
Physical coordination / .07 / -.16 / .57 / .76
Buttocks / .17 / .58 / .34 / .14
Agility / -.08 / .06 / .56 / .74
Width of shoulders / .23 / .31 / .10
Arms / .11 / .43 / .24
Chest/Breasts / .40 / .49 / -.05 / .06
Appearance of eyes / .42 / .57 / -.07 / -.12
Cheeks / .57 / .52 / .20 / -.12
Hips / .01 / .73 / .72 / -.04
Legs / -.02 / .47 / .65 / .06
Figure/Physique / -.05 / .83 / .90 / -.02
Sex drive / .50 / .43 / .25 / -.12
Feet / .46 / -,17 / .16
Sex organs / .63 / .62 / .01 / -.05
Appearance of stomach / -.06 / .47 / .79 / -.03
Health / .12 / .24 / .41 / .39
Sex activities / .46 / .45 / .20 / -.09
Body hair / .41 / .36 / .03 / .16
Physical condition / -.06 / .29 / .63 / .62
Face / .43 / .60 / .26 / -.12
Weight / -.09 / .85 / .92 / -.02
*Head hair / .62 / .02 / -.11
*Neck / .53 / .09 / .10
*Calves / .10 / .23 / ,26
*Skin condition / .48 / .05 / .06
Note: Loadings at or above .34 meet the minimum loading criteria for each factor. These items are noted in bold. New items are denoted with an asterisk (*).
BES Component Loadings for Men’s Data with Four New Items, Study 1
BES 35 Items Plus 5 New Items / Physical Attractiveness / Upper Body Strength / Physical Condition1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings / 1984 Loadings / 2010 Loadings
Body scent / .36 / -.26 / .23
Appetite / .19 / -.21 / .37 / .59
Nose / .43 / .52 / .11 / -.10
Physical stamina / -.08 / .07 / .65 / .74
Reflexes / .29 / .00 / .41 / .32
Lips / .41 / .63 / .04 / -.03
Muscular strength / -.10 / .65 / .82 / .03
Waist / -.04 / .19 / .61 / .63
Energy level / .18 / .07 / .59 / .56
Thighs / .34 / .22 / .46 / .21
Ears / .56 / .76 / .18 / -.31
Biceps / .02 / .64 / .87 / -.11
Chin / .56 / .51 / .08 / .12
Body build / -.21 / .54 / .53 / .55
Physical coordination / .02 / .36 / .01 / .40 / .56
Buttocks / .42 / .28 / .22 / .19
Agility / .07 / -.06 / .50 / .63
Width of shoulders / .15 / .53 / .68 / -.08
Arms / .10 / .54 / .86 / -.10
Chest/Breasts / -.07 / .53 / .54 / .37
Appearance of eyes / .52 / .72 / -.21 / -.01
Cheeks / .66 / .81 / .05 / -.15
Hips / .56 / .61 / .18 / .05
Legs / .50 / .17 / .10
Figure/Physique / -.07 / .38 / .31 / .43 / .67
Sex drive / .42 / .35 / -.01 / .22
Feet / .45 / .54 / -,06 / .04
Sex organs / .36 / .38 / .00 / .17
Appearance of stomach / .00 / -.09 / .55 / .77
Health / .08 / -.15 / .41 / .73
Sex activities / .40 / -.14 / .22
Body hair / .40 / -.12 / .29
Physical condition / -.10 / .04 / .68 / .87
Face / .52 / .53 / -.05 / .29
Weight / .01 / .15 / .51 / .57
*Head hair / .44 / -.04 / .19
*Neck / .63 / .20 / -.11
*Calves / .48 / .21 / -.02
*Skin condition / .50 / -.16 / .27
Note: Loadings at or above .34 meet the minimum loading criteria for each factor. These items are noted in bold. New items are denoted with an asterisk (*).
Analysis Regarding Geographical Non-Variance in Data
There was a statistically significant difference between male participants at the Midwestern university and male participants at the university on the east coast on the combined dependent variables, F (3, 350) = 3.18, p = .02; Wilks’ Lambda = .97, ηp2 = .03. When the results for the dependent variables were considered separately, the only difference to reach statistical significance, using a Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of .017, was Physical Attractiveness: F (1, 352) = 9.40, p < .01, ηp2 = .03. An inspection of the mean scores indicated that men from the Midwestern university (M = 3.56, SD = .55)reported slightly higher levels of physical attractiveness body esteem than men on the east coast (M = 3.38, SD = .56). While this difference was observed based on location, the effect size indicates that it is small. Additionally, follow-up MANOVAs were conducted to determine item level differences among evaluations based on data collection location for men for this dimension, F (11, 332) = 2.42, p = .01; Wilks’ Lambda = .93, ηp2 = .07. Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variance indicated that the assumption of equality of variance was violated for seven items (nose, ears, chin, buttocks, cheeks, hips, and feet). A more conservative alpha level of .01 was set for determining significance for these variables in the univariateF-tests. Two items: appearance of eyes, F (1, 342) = 15.91, p < .01, ηp2 = .04 and face, F (1, 342) = 12.30, p < .01, ηp2 = .04 demonstrated significant differences such that participants at the Midwestern university rated their body esteem more positively than participants on the east coast (appearance of eyes: M = 4.14, SD = .89 and M = 3.75, SD = .88, respectively; face: M = 3.82, SD = .86 and M = 3.48, SD = .87). No means differed by more than four-tenths of one point on a 5-point Likert scale.
There was a statistically significant difference between female participants at the Midwestern university and female participants at the university on the east coast on the combined dependent variables, F (3, 622) = 3.57, p = .01; Wilks’ Lambda = .98, ηp2 = .02. When the results for the dependent variables were considered separately, the only difference to reach statistical significance, using a Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of .017, was Sexual Attractiveness: F (1, 624) = 10.57, p .01, ηp2 = .02. An inspection of the mean scores indicated that women from the Midwestern university (M = 3.53, SD = .50)reported slightly higher levels of sexual attractiveness body esteem than women on the east coast (M = 3.39, SD = .61). While this difference was observed based on location, the effect size indicates that it is small. Additionally, follow-up MANOVAs were conducted to determine item level differences among evaluations based on data collection location for women for this dimension, F (13, 595) = 1.88, p = .03; Wilks’ Lambda = .96, ηp2 = .04. Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variance indicated that the assumption of equality of variance was violated for five items (body scent, lips, appearance of eyes, cheeks, and face). A more conservative alpha level of .01 was set for determining significance for these variables in the univariate F-tests. Five items: lips, F (1, 607) = 7.25, p < .01, ηp2 = .01; appearance of eyes, F (1, 607) = 8.31p < .01, ηp2 = .01; cheeks, F (1, 607) = 6.82p < .01, ηp2 = .01; sex drive, F (1, 607) = 4.25p = .04, ηp2 = .01; sex organs F (1, 607) = 10.45p .01, ηp2 = .02 demonstrated significant differences such that participants at the Midwestern university rated their body esteem more positively than participants at the university on the east coast (lips: M = 3.93, SD = .80 and M = 3.74, SD = .94, respectively; appearance of eyes: M = 4.29, SD = .76 and M = 4.09, SD = .94; cheeks: M = 3.79, SD = .89 and M = 3.59, SD = .94; sex drive: M = 3.63, SD = .90 and M = 3.48, SD = .89; sex organs: M = 3.42, SD = .80 and M = 3.20, SD = .88). No means differed by more than three-tenths of one point on a 5-point Likert scale.
1
The Body Esteem Scale-Revised
Instructions: Below are listed a number of body parts and functions. Please read each item and indicate how you feel about this part or functionof your own body, using the following response categories:
1 = Have strong negative feelings4 = Have moderate positive feelings
2 = Have moderate negative feelings5 = Have strong positive feelings
3 = Have no feeling one way or the other
1. body scent11. skin condition21. appearance of eyes
2. head hair12. biceps 22. face
3. hips13. weight23. physical condition
4. physical stamina14. body build 24. legs
5. reflexes 15. figure/physique 25. sex drive
6. arms 16. buttocks26. appearance of stomach
7. muscular strength 17. agility27. sex organs
8. waist 18. health 28. physical coordination
9. energy level 19. sex activities
10. thighs 20. chest or breasts
Note. Subscale scores are calculated by summing responses for the items corresponding to each subscale.The means and standard deviations for each female subscale are: Sexual Attractiveness, M = 32.67, SD = 5.18; Weight Concern M = 23.31, SD = 6.95; Physical Condition, M = 20.56, SD = 4.67. The means and standard deviations for each male subscale are: Sexual Attractiveness, M = 28.79, SD = 4.97; Upper Body Strength M = 16.63, SD = 4.46; Physical Condition, M = 35.47, SD = 7.76 (Frost et al., 2017, Sex Roles).
Women
Sexual attractiveness: body scent, buttocks, chest or breasts, appearance of eyes, sex drive, sex activities, face, head hair, skin condition
Weight concern: waist, thighs, body build, hips, legs, figure or physique, appearance of stomach, weight
Physical condition: physical stamina, muscular strength, energy level, physical coordination, health, physical condition
Men
Sexual attractiveness: body scent, appearance of eyes, sex drive, sex organs, sex activities, face, head hair, skin condition
Upper body strength: muscular strength, biceps, body build, arms, chest or breasts
Physical condition: physical stamina, reflexes, energy level, physical coordination, agility, figure or physique, appearance of stomach, health, physical condition, weight