Benefits and Costs of American Economic Expansion in the Late 19Th Century

Darnell

Benefits and Costs of American Economic Expansion in the Late 19th Century

Socratic Seminar One Pager Ticket

Seminar Question:

“In the Late 19th Century, 1865-1900, the benefits of American economic expansion outweighed the reasonable social, economic and political costs experienced.” Defend or refute this statement about the acceptable cost-benefit of progress.

Preparation Ticket 1 Pager:

1.  Limited to one page. Do not skip lines. Okay to ignore college rule margins. Can write up to 14 lines on second page.

2.  Must be handwritten

3.  Must have title conveying your perspective.

4.  Introduction MUST set the historical context and generally discuss both sides of the related issues. Provide a contrarian perspective with supporting evidence.

5.  Claim MUST transition from contrarian perspective, clearly state your position and provide supporting arguments.

6.  Supporting Evidence MUST

a.  Be precise historical terms, not descriptive. Use terms from the list below as your evidence.

i.  Do state “Income Inequality Gap existed, such as Carnegie making $25 million while manufacturing worker earned $439/year”

ii. Don’t state “some made more annual income than others”

7.  Answer ALL reflection questions below to help you develop your perspective and formulate your claim. I would list the relevant term(s) under each question so you have a good frame of reference to draw your conclusions.

8.  Below is a helpful HISTORICAL SCHEMA to organize your thoughts:

a.  Historical Era

b.  Critical Thinking Question

c.  PEGS categories of analysis/arguments in support of question answer

d.  Historiographical Interpretations

e.  Supporting Evidence

9.  Must present 1 Pager Ticket in order to participate in seminar!!!

Important Terms to use in Reflection Question Answers covering events of the Late 19th Century: Settling the West, the Rise of Big Business, the Response of Labor and the Emergence of Populism.

1.  Rise and Fall of the Cattle Industry
2.  Transcontinental Railroad
3.  Experiences of Migrating Groups
a.  Challenges
b.  Opportunities
4.  New South Myths
5.  Forced Assimilation and the Dawes Act
6.  Homestead Act
7.  Graham Bell
8.  Electricity and Alternating-current System
9.  Standard Oil Trust
10.  The Gospel of Wealth
11.  Carnegie Steel Co.
12.  The Principles of Scientific Management
13.  Laissez-faire capitalism
14.  Social Darwinism
15.  Gospel of Wealth
16.  JP Morgan and Company
17.  Holding Company
18.  Business Trust
19.  Vertical Integration
20.  Horizontal Consolidation
21.  Bessemer Process
22.  United States Steel Corporation
23.  Henry Ford’s Assembly Line
24.  Factors of Production
25.  Mail-order Catalogs
26.  Child Labor
27.  Molly Maguires
28.  Knights of Labor
29.  Haymarket Affair
30.  Great Railroad Strike
31.  Homestead Strike
32.  American Federation of Labor
33.  Closed and Open Shops
34.  Sherman Antitrust Act
35.  Pullman Strike 1894
36.  In re Debs 1895
37.  The IWW (Wobblies) / 1.  Rapid Urbanization
2.  “Dumbbell” Tenements
3.  The “New Immigrant”
4.  Ellis Island
5.  Immigrant Ghettos
6.  American Protective Association
7.  Chinese Exclusion Act
8.  Gentlemen’s Agreement
9.  Spectator Sports
10.  Tuskegee Institute
11.  Professionalism
12.  Reform Darwinism
13.  Realism
14.  Naturalism
15.  Henry George
16.  The Social Gospel Movement
17.  Hull House
18.  National American Woman Suffrage Association
19.  Muckrakers
20.  The Shame of the Cities
21.  How the Other Half Lives
22.  The Jungle
23.  Temperance Movement / 1.  The Gilded Age
2.  Income Inequality Gap
3.  Political Machines
4.  Tammany Hall
5.  Plutocracy
6.  Gilded Age
7.  Stalwarts
8.  Half-breeds
9.  Mugwumps
10.  Pendleton Civil Service Act
11.  Wabash Railroad v. Illinois 1886
12.  Interstate Commerce Commission Act
13.  Tariffs
a.  McKinley Tariff
b.  Gorman Tariff
c.  Dingley Tariff
14.  Sherman Anti-Trust Act
15.  Bland-Allison Act
16.  Sherman Silver Purchase Act
17.  The Granger Movement
18.  The Farmer’s Alliance
19.  Populist Party
20.  Panic of 1893
21.  Coxey’s Army
22.  Election of 1896
23.  “Cross of Gold Speech”
24.  Jim Crow Laws
25.  Mississippi Plan
26.  Plessy v. Ferguson
27.  Ida B. Wells
28.  Booker T. Washington versus W.E.B. DuBois

Reflection Questions:

Ch 18:

1.  Describe the characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution that set it apart as a distinct phase in industrial development from the Antebellum process.

2.  Specify to following: 1. What are the distinguishing characteristics of “Big Business”? 2. Why did “big Business” emerge in this time frame? 3. What were some of the key business strategies used by business leaders in this era to achieve their goals?

3.  Why did national labor unions materialize in this era? Were they successful? Why/why not?

Ch 19:

1.  Consider the experiences of the following groups during the late 19th Century westward migration period: Miners, ranchers and cowboys, railroad owners, railroad workers, African Americans, Populists, Settlers and Farmers, Native Americans

a.  What opportunities and challenges/hardships did they face?

b.  What trends can you identify for the various groups?

c.  Why do these trends exist?

d.  Was westward movement beneficial for American society? Why/why not?

2.  What myths of the New South permeated American society?

a.  What impact did these myths have on Southern society?

Ch 20:

1.  What challenges and opportunities did Industrialization create for American cities?

2.  Why are the immigrants arriving after 1890 labeled as “New Immigrants” by historians?

3.  What factors contributed to a rejuvenation of nativism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries? What are examples of nativist policies adopted during this period?

4.  Describe new advents in American Popular Culture.

5.  What caused compulsory public education to spread during this period?

6.  Differentiate between the various philosophies that come about during this era: Social Darwinism, Pragmatism, Reform Darwinism. Briefly notate how these philosophies affected society then and today.

Ch 21:

1.  What did Mark Twain mean when he characterized the era as a “Gilded Age?

2.  To what extent had a “plutocracy” materialized in the United States by 1900? Describe evidence to support your claim.

3.  What factors triggered problems for the agricultural community in the late 19th century?

4.  Describe the process farmers went through to improve their economic situations.

5.  Why did populism fail in the late 19th century?

6.  Describe the difference between Book T. Washington’s and W.E.B. DuBois’ perspectives on the best course of action for African Americans to achieve social equality in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

7.  Do you believe Washington or DuBois had the best course of action considering the Jim Crow climate of the era? Why?

Overarching Unit Questions:

1.  Does progress have a natural price?

2.  If so, is there an acceptable cost-benefit for American progress?

3.  What were the pangs of American progress in the Late 19th Century? Were they necessary and acceptable?

4.  What parallel PEGS issues and achievements do you see between Late 19th Century life and Today?

5.  Account for divergent historiographical interpretations on this topic.

Socratic Seminar Scoring Rubric

Class Period: ______Discussion Topic: ______Date: ______

1 / 1 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / CK / 20 /
Moves discussion
forward / Relevant comment / Raises provocative question / Clearly states claim or Contrarian POV / Provides Specific Historical Context / Refers to documented evidence / Provides Insightful Analysis /HST Interpretation / 1 Pager Preparation Ticket / TOTAL POSITIVE PTS / Response is irrelevant or
improper / Monopolizes conversation / Non-Participatory / TOTAL NEGATIVE PTS / FINAL SCORE /
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35.