ALCOHOL<24>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005566623
Authors Paljarvi T. Makela P. Poikolainen K.
Institution
(Paljarvi, Makela) Alcohol and Drug Research Group, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland.
(Paljarvi, Poikolainen) Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland.
(Paljarvi) Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, PO Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Pattern of drinking and fatal injury: A population-based follow-up study of Finnish men.
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1851-1859), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aim: To find out how the frequency of drinking one to two drinks, three to four drinks and five or more drinks of alcohol per drinking occasion predicts injury mortality in 16 years of follow-up among the Finnish 15-69-year-old male population. Design: Three alcohol surveys conducted in 1969, 1976 and 1984 were pooled and linked with mortality information from the national cause of death register. Method: Cox proportional hazard models were used for analysing the survival time data. Findings: Drinking at the level of one to two drinks, regardless of frequency, did not elevate the risk of fatal injury, nor did drinking at the level of three to four drinks. Drinking five or more drinks at a time significantly increased the risk of fatal injury in graded relation, compared with those who never drank at that level. The risk was highest for those who drank five or more drinks at a time at least weekly (RR = 5.78, 95% CI = 2.80-11.94), when adjusted for possible confounders. Conclusions: We found that besides the total volume of consumption, a drinking pattern that involves drinking occasions when consumption exceeds four drinks of alcohol at a time leads to a significant increase in the risk of fatal injury among Finnish men. The risk is highest among those who have the highest annual number of heavy drinking occasions. The finding does not support the hypothesis that alcohol tolerance would lower the risk of fatal injuries among frequent heavy drinkers. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1851-1859
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL <25>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005566622
Authors Cherpitel C.J. Ye Y. Bond J. Rehm J. Poznyak V. Macdonald S. Stafstrom M. Hao W.
Institution
(Cherpitel, Ye, Bond, Rehm, Poznyak, Macdonald, Stafstrom, Hao) Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, CA, United States.
(Cherpitel) Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Avenue, Berkeley, CA94709, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Multi-level analysis of alcohol-related injury among emergency department patients: A cross-national study.
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1840-1850), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this analysis was to examine the average rate and variation of alcohol-related injury across emergency department (ED) studies, the effect of usual drinking on likelihood of alcohol-related injury, whether cross-study variation in rate of alcohol-related injury can be explained by between-study difference in usual consumption and whether social-cultural contextual variables help explain cross-study variations, after between-study difference in usual consumption has been controlled. Design: Data were merged from the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the WHO Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injuries, together representing 28 studies in 16 countries, and include 8423 (drinking) injury patients who arrived in the ED within 6 hours after injury. Alcohol-related injury was based, separately, on a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and self-reported drinking within 6 hours prior to injury. A multi-level design and hierarchical generalized linear models were used for analysis in which patients were nested within studies. Findings: Overall prevalence of alcohol-related injury was 24% and 29% for positive BAC and self-report, respectively. At the patient level, log-transformed alcohol consumption in the last 12 months was a significant predictor of alcohol-related injury. At the study level significant variation in rates of alcohol-related injury was observed: studies with higher overall average consumption reported a higher rate of alcohol-related injury. When volume was controlled, societies with higher detrimental drinking pattern and higher legal level for intoxication while driving were more likely to have an increased rate of alcohol-related injury. Conclusions: Alcohol-related injury varies across EDs and countries. While it is associated with an individual's usual alcohol consumption, it is also affected by a number of societal drinking characteristics including the aggregate volume of consumption, overall drinking pattern and legislative policies to control drinking and related harms. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1840-1850
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL <29>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005566615
Authors Munne M.I.
Institution
(Munne) University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
(Munne) Rivadavia 4509, (1424) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Alcohol and the economic crisis in Argentina: Recent findings.
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1790-1799), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aims: In 2002 Argentina participated in the GENACIS project (Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study) as one of the countries funded by the World Health Organization. Four questions about the current economic crisis in Argentina were added to the original GENACIS questionnaire in order to find out the opinions of the general population in relation to alcohol and the economic crisis. Methods: Gender differences in the answers to these questions were examined. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic, drinking pattern and drinking problems variables related significantly to responses to the economic crisis questions. Findings: During the economic crisis people stopped or reduced going to bars and instead drank at home or at friends' homes. A large number of respondents also reported that people had changed to cheaper or lower-quality alcoholic drinks. Women were more likely to agree with statements that the economic crisis had increased 'escape' drinking and required reductions in money spent on alcohol; men were more likely to agree that the crisis had led to less drinking in bars and to the purchase of cheaper or lower-quality alcoholic beverages. Respondents who reported having significant others with drinking-related problems were more likely to endorse all four statements about effects of the economic crisis on drinking behaviour. A qualitative approach was used to discuss themes in the general comments that were recorded by the interviewers while collecting data. A strongly moralistic attitude towards alcohol was present in these comments, especially among women. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the economic crisis in Argentina led to major changes in patterns of drinking that differed according to gender roles and other demographic variables. The long-term effects of these changes remain to be determined as economic circumstances improve. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1790-1799
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL <30>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005566614
Authors Wojtyniak B. Moskalewicz J. Stokwiszewski J. Rabczenko D.
Institution
(Wojtyniak, Stokwiszewski, Rabczenko) National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
(Moskalewicz) Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
(Moskalewicz) Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Gender-specific mortality associated with alcohol consumption in Poland in transition.
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1779-1789), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To show the impact of rapid political and economic transitions on alcohol consumption and associated mortality in different socio-demographic segments of the Polish society, with particular focus on gender differences. Two causes of death associated with drinking (liver diseases and alcohol poisoning) are investigated. Design: Mortality time series 1986-2002 are analysed against consumption estimates and population drinking survey data. Setting: Poland 1986-2002. Participants General adult population. Measurement: Age-standardized annual and 3-year death rates were calculated for age, gender and place of residence subgroups. For education, age-standardized relative frequency of deaths or proportional mortality in four basic educational levels was calculated. Findings: Alcohol-related mortality shows great variability in response to substantial changes in alcohol consumption. Patterns of mortality and their magnitude of change correspond with average alcohol consumption and are therefore different for men and women, for different age and educational groups and in urban and rural areas. Level of education, however, may affect alcohol-related mortality more strongly than overall alcohol intake, particularly with regard to acute consequences of drinking. Conclusion: The Polish experience illustrates that the impact of rapid political and economic transitions on alcohol consumption and associated mortality is highly differentiated and specific to gender and social class. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1779-1789
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL<31>
Database EMBASE
AccessionNumber 2005566613
AuthorsBloomfield K. Grittner U. Kramer S.
Institution
(Bloomfield) Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
(Bloomfield, Grittner, Kramer) Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Free UniversityBerlin, 12200Berlin, Germany.
(Bloomfield) Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Developments in alcohol consumption in reunited Germany.
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1770-1778), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aims: To investigate changes in measures of frequency of general alcohol and beverage-specific alcohol drinking in eastern and western Germany between 1991 and 1998. Design, setting and participants: Data come from two nationally representative health surveys, one conducted in 1991/1992 and the other in 1998. The earlier sample comprises two separate surveys, a 1991 western German survey (n = 5255) and a 1992 eastern German survey (n = 2211); the sample from 1998 contains information from 5463 people. The two 1991/1992 samples were merged to produce a single data set, comprising 7466 cases. The 1998 sample was limited to people aged 25-69 years, the age range of the 1991/ 1992 surveys. Measurements: The surveys included measures of current drinking, current beverage-specific drinking, weekly drinking, daily drinking, heavy drinking and mean amount consumed per day. Findings: The prevalence of almost all measures of drinking frequency declined in both regions of Germany and for both genders. Decreases were larger in the East and especially for frequency of current spirits drinking and daily drinking. Despite the decreases, western women consistently consumed at higher levels than eastern women, as did eastern men in relation to western men. Moreover, gender and regional differences within the country decreased. Conclusions: Overall frequency of consumption has declined in Germany in the 1990s and drinking behaviour in the two regions has become more similar. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1770-1778
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL<32>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005566612
Authors Holmila M. Raitasalo K.
Institution
(Holmila, Raitasalo) Alcohol and Drug Research Group, Stakes National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland.
(Holmila) Alcohol and Drug Research Group, Stakes National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, 00531 Helsinki, Finland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Gender differences in drinking: Why do they still exist?
Source
Addiction. 100(12)(pp 1763-1769), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
Aims: The paper discusses the kinds of reasoning that have been presented as possible mechanisms and reasons for gender differences in alcohol consumption. Design and methods: An overview of the existing literature from different countries is presented. Findings: The existing studies provide a picture of great cultural variance in patterns of alcohol use among men and women. The gender differences in drinking behaviour have been shown to be linked with many aspects of biological differences between men and women leading to women's greater vulnerability to alcohol, of women's and men's differing needs, reasons and motivations in relation to drinking, of gender-specific roles in other areas of life and of ways in which societies regulate peoples' behaviour, often giving women the role of warden or moderator of others' drinking. Conclusions: The gender differences in drinking behaviour continue to be considerable and are found in all cultures studied so far. Several studies have argued for reasons underlying these differences, but they still remain largely unexplained. copyright 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Conference Paper
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 100
Issue Part 12
Page 1763-1769
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL <35>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005561577
Authors Dammann G. Dierkes J. Graf M. Wiesbeck G.A. Pridzun L. Schulte T. Westphal S. Luley C. Allen J.P. Wurst F.M.
Institution
(Dammann, Graf, Wiesbeck, Wurst) Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.
(Dierkes, Westphal, Luley) Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
(Pridzun) Mediagnost Inc., Reutlingen, Germany.
(Schulte) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
(Allen) Pacific Institute of Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States.
(Wurst) Psychiatric University Clinic, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4025 Basel, Switzerland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
No significant effect of acute moderate alcohol intake on leptin levels in healthy male volunteers.
Source
Addiction Biology. 10(4)(pp 357-364), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
As, for ethical reasons, it is difficult to investigate by an experiment the effect of acute intoxication on leptin levels in alcoholics, we tested the hypothesis of lowered levels as an effect of acute ethanol intake in healthy volunteers. The subjects comprised (1) 17 healthy male participants, recruited via newspaper advertisements [age 29 +/- 3.75 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 +/- 3.5, leptin at baseline 3.3 +/- 3.1 ng/ml]; (2) for comparison, leptin levels of 16 male alcoholic patients at day 1 of withdrawal were used. They were characterized as follows: (mean, median, standard deviation and range) age in years (41.1, 40.5, 10.2, 24, 57), BMI (23.3, 21.7, 5.4, 16.6, 37.5), 1032 g of ethanol (median) consumed within the last 7 days, leptin levels 2.3 mg/ml. A placebo-controlled double-blind trial was performed. Leptin levels of blood samples were taken at baseline (t<sub>1</sub>), before ethanol intake (t<sub>2</sub>), when blood alcohol had reached its maximum (t <sub>3</sub>) and the morning after (t<sub>4</sub>). The oral dose of ethanol administered was 0.6 g/kg ethanol. (1) Volunteers: (a) the ethanol and placebo group exhibited leptin levels corresponding closely with levels measured at baseline (t<sub>1</sub>) (rs = 0.85, p < 0.0001) and follow-up (t <sub>4</sub>) (rs = 0.768, p < 0.0001). (b) Leptin levels for the placebo and the alcohol-consuming (verum) group did not differ significantly at baseline, after ethanol intake or on the morning after [Mann - Whitney U-test (p = 0.669, p = 1.0 and p = 0.887, respectively)]. (2) Leptin levels in relation to BMI did not significantly differ at any measurement time in either group. (3) Leptin levels/BMI of the healthy volunteers at t<sub>1</sub> and t<sub>4</sub> were not significantly different from those of 16 alcoholics. The data do not support the hypothesis of a significant effect of acute moderate alcohol intake on leptin levels in healthy volunteers. copyright Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 10
Issue Part 4
Page 357-364
Year of Publication 2005
Date of Publication Dec 2005
ALCOHOL <36>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2005561576
Authors Woo Y.-S. Yoon S.-J. Lee H.-K. Lee C.-U. Chae J.-H. Chung T.L. Kim D.-J.
Institution
(Woo) Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
(Yoon) Korean Alcohol Research Foundation Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
(Lee, Chung) Department of Psychiatry, Uijongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
(Lee) Department of Psychiatry, Kangnom St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
(Chae, Kim) Department of Psychiatry, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
(Kim) Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, Korea, Republic of.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples during an experimentally induced alcohol hangover state.
Source
Addiction Biology. 10(4)(pp 351-355), 2005. Date of Publication: Dec 2005.
Abstract
A hangover is characterized by the unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur between 8 and 16 hours after drinking alcohol. After inducing experimental hangover in normal individuals, we measured the methanol concentration prior to and after alcohol consumption and we assessed the association between the hangover condition and the blood methanol level. A total of 18 normal adult males participated in this study. They did not have any previous histories of psychiatric or medical disorders. The blood ethanol concentration prior to the alcohol intake (2.26 +/- 2.08) was not significantly different from that 13 hours after the alcohol consumption (3.12 +/- 2.38). However, the difference of methanol concentration between the day of experiment (prior to the alcohol intake) and the next day (13 hours after the alcohol intake) was significant (2.62 +/- 1.33/l vs. 3.88 +/- 2.10/l, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between the changes of blood methanol concentration and hangover subjective scale score increment when covarying for the changes of blood ethanol level (r = 0.498, p < 0.05). This result suggests the possible correlation of methanol as well as its toxic metabolite to hangover. copyright Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs.