Name______Period ______

Aquatic Science Spring 2011 Final Review

1.  Describe the importance of three scientists/explorers we discussed in the field of oceanography.

2.  Explain the use of the following

  1. world map
  2. compass
  3. Astrolabe
  4. Sextant
  5. Spyglass
  6. SCUBA
  7. diving bell
  8. ROV

3.  What is Pangea?

4.  What is plate techtonic theory?

5.  Describe the 3 layers of the earth.

6.  What is the lithosphere? What is the Asthenosphere?

7.  What causes tectonic plate movement?

8.  Describe the difference between oceanic and continental plates.

9.  Describe the three types of plate boundaries (transform, divergent, and convergent).

10.  What would you expect to find in a spreading zone? (divergent boundary)

11.  What would you explect to find at a subductionzone? (convergent boundary)

  1. Continent-oceanic collision-
  2. Continent-continent collision-

12.  What two factors cause global winds?

13.  What is the Coriolis Effect?

14.  Describe a land breeze

15.  Describe a sea breeze

16.  What factor causes tides?

17.  Draw the earth, moon, and sun (in some cases) to show:

  1. High Tide
  2. Low Tide
  3. Spring Tide
  4. Neap Tide

18.  What causes surface (shift) currents?

19.  What two factors cause deep (gravitational) currents?

20.  Which affects water density more, salinity or temperature?

21.  Describe the three salinity levels

  1. Brackish
  2. Ocean
  3. Brine

22.  List the 5 oceans in size from largest to smallest

23.  What is Global Ocean Circulation (the conveyor belt)?

24.  Describe a rip current (include its cause)

25.  Describe a longshore current (include its cause)

  1. What problem can result from this?

26.  Describe upwelling

  1. What benefit is associated with upwelling

27.  Describe downwelling

  1. What benefit results from downwelling

28.  What happens during an El Nino year?

  1. Give 2 problems this can cause for humans.

29.  Draw a wave and label the crest, trough and height/amplitude

30.  What is wave period?

31.  What is wave frequency?

32.  What factors (3) affect the height of a wave?

33.  Describe the following marine geologic features

  1. Marine Trench
  2. Submarine Canyon
  3. Continental slope
  4. Continental shelf
  5. Abyssal plain
  6. Seamount
  7. Volcanic Island
  8. Oceanic ridge
  9. Hydrothermal vent

34.  Describe a major characteristic and 2 examples of each marine group

  1. Protista
  2. Porifera
  3. Platyhelminthes
  4. Crustacea
  5. Bivalvia
  6. Gastropoda
  7. Cephalopoda
  8. Cnidaria
  9. Echinodermata
  10. Agnatha
  11. Osteichthyes
  12. Chondrichthyes

35.  Describe the appearance, importance, and 1 animal found in each environment

  1. Seagrass beds
  2. Kelp Forests
  3. Sponge gardens
  4. Hydrothermal Vents
  5. Abyssal plain/Trenches
  6. Tide pools/Rocky shores
  7. Sandy beaches/muflats
  8. Coral Reef
  9. Salt marsh
  10. Mangrove swamp
  11. Open Ocean
  12. Seamounts

36.  Describe these three lifestyles of ocean creatures and give one example of each

  1. Plankton
  2. Nekton
  3. Benthos

37.  Describe these five ocean life zones and give an example of environments you might find in each

  1. Littoral/Intertidal
  2. Estuarine- salt marshes, tidal bays
  3. Neritic
  4. Oceanic
  5. Benthic

38.  Describe the following ocean light zones and give an example of an ocean environment with this light level

  1. Euphotic
  2. Disphotic
  3. Aphotic