APW: Unit 2 Part 2 – Post Classical Civilizations (600 CE – 1450 CE)

Chapter 21: WORLDS APART: THE AMERICAS & OCEANIA

1. Survey

2. Read chapter and do “New to you” vocab (5-15 words you are unfamiliar with that are not strictly “historical” terms).

3. Take notes on the chapter that thoroughly answer the study guide questions. Be organized and make them “studyable”.

4. As you are taking your notes, complete your ID terms in the given format on index cards.

DUE: 1/5

Agriculture and herding spread gradually throughout sub-Saharan Africa from about 2000 B.C.E. until the end of the first millennium C.E. through a process known as the Bantu migrations. After about 500 B.C.E. the knowledge of iron metallurgy was also disseminating throughout Africa. As a result of these movements, of the introduction of new nutritious foods such as bananas, and of long-distance trade, the population of Africa grew dramatically, and increasingly complex forms of government began to emerge. Most sub-Saharan African cultures were kin-based and organized into relatively small villages that were loosely allied into districts governed by a chief. Occasionally larger and more structured kingdoms and empires appeared. These larger states generally consolidated their position through controlling long-distance trade in their regions. In general, the history of sub-Saharan Africa from 1000 to 1500 C.E. is noted for

•  The introduction and widespread dissemination of the Islamic religion. In many cases the belief in Islam supplemented rather than supplanted traditional religious practices. Some sub-Saharan societies became important centers of worship and learning in the Islamic world.

•  A regular and reliable flow of trade goods: gold, ivory, and slaves being the most important exports. These trade networks were both overland—particularly notable was the trans-Saharan camel caravan routes—and maritime, where east African city-states became important stops on the Indian Ocean seaways.

•  The emergence and growth of states that became highly influential in the cross-cultural interactions of this period. The states of Kongo, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, and the Swahili city-states became trade and religious centers whose fortunes were clearly tied into those of Eurasia.

Historical Terms and Concepts to know

Who, What, Where, When, Why, and So What?

1.  Teotihacan

2.  Mexica/Aztec

3.  Tenochtitlan

4.  Chinampa

5.  calpulli

6.  Quetzalcoatl

7.  Huitzilopochitli

8.  Cahokia

9.  ayllus

10.  Cuzco

11.  quipu

12.  marae

13.  Aborigine

14.  Maori

Study Guide Questions

1.  How did the Mexica people establish their authority over the peoples of central Mexico? How did the Mexica treat conquered peoples?

2.  What are some of the distinctive features of Mexica agriculture? Why was it so productive?

3.  What are some of the typical trade goods within the Aztec empire? Which items particularly impressed the Spanish? Why?

4.  What are the distinctive features of the Mexica social structure?

5.  What are the expectations for men and women in Mexica society? What does the midwife’s speech on page 535 indicate about gender roles?

6.  What are the distinctive aspects of Mexica religion? What is the purpose of human sacrifice?

7.  Which of the societies of North America had developed settled agriculture by the 15th century? What kind of agriculture was typical?

8.  What are the distinctive features of the agriculture and animal husbandry to emerge in the Andes Mountains?

9.  What are some of the distinctive features of Inca society and religion?

10.  What are some of the notable achievements of Inca society?

11.  What are the distinctive features of the agricultural societies to emerge in the Pacific Islands before western contact?