APES Chapter 8-9 Study Guide Name: ______

APES Chapter 8-9 Study Guide Name: ______

Study Guides are due the day of the test. Answers will not be posted on either website. If you have questions about the study guide ask them before the day of the test. Answers must be handwritten—no typing or copies.

1.  About how far is the core below the surface of the earth? How about the Mantle? ______

2.  An earthquake with 5 on the Richter scale is how many times stronger than a quake with a 2? ______

3.  Considering we have the technology to desalinate sea water why is there still a freshwater shortage? ______

4.  Describe the asthenosphere. ______

5.  Describe the soil horizons (Including the E horizon) ______

6.  Describe the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. ______

7.  Describe the theory of plate tectonics. ______

8.  Describe water issues between India and Bangladesh . ______

9.  Draw a labeled diagram of the rock cycle. Include how each of the rock types are formed. (Attach paper)

10.  Draw a picture which includes a subduction zone, creation of new ocean floor, and the asthenosphere. (Attach paper)

11.  Explain how Coho Salmon might be harmed by the addition of a dam. Include how the dam might cause temperature changes. ______

12.  Explain how the elements that make up the earth settled when the earth was formed. (In reference to density). ______

13.  How is soil porosity measured? ______

14.  How much water is required to raise a ton of grain? Beef? ______

15.  How old is the earth according to our text? ______

16.  If a rock is composed of different minerals which react to temperature changes differently what will happen to the rock when it freezes and thaws? ______

17.  If you were building a pond what type of soil would you line it with? ______

18.  List factors that determine damage caused by an earthquake. Does a higher magnitude always mean more damage? ______

19.  The dirt that we walk on is which part of which layer of the earth? ______

20.  Volcanoes are often found at plate boundaries. Are they associated with subduction, divergence, convergence or seafloor spreading? ______

21.  What are magma convection currents? Where do they occur? ______

22.  What causes saltwater intrusion? ______

23.  What does a soil triangle measure? How does it work? ______

24.  What evidence did Alfred Wegener cite as support for the theory of continental drift? ______

25.  What is a cone of depression? ______

26.  What is a fish ladder? ______

27.  What is a hot spot? What causes them? Give an example. ______

28.  What is a mineral? ______

29.  What is an aqueduct? ______

30.  What is an aquifer? How is water stored in an aquifer? ______

31.  What is an artesian well? ______

32.  What is erosion and what causes it? ______

33.  What is gray water? ______

34.  What is hydroponics? Do hydroponically grown foods require more or less water than traditionally grown vegetables? ______

35.  What is it called when an aquifer naturally percolates to the surface? ______

36.  What is strip mining? ______

37.  What is the difference between an oligotrophic and an eutrophic lake? ______

38.  What is the difference between chemical and physical weathering? ______

39.  What is the greatest percentage of household water used for? ______

40.  What is the lithosphere? What is it composed of? ______

41.  What is the water table? ______

42.  What percent of the total water in the world is considered fresh water? ______

43.  Where/what is the Ogallala aquifer? Why is it unsustainable? ______

44.  Why are levees built? How do they impact water flow downstream of the levee? ______

45.  Why do we only find fossils in sedimentary rock? ______

46.  Why is reverse osmosis often preferred to distillation as a method of desalinization? ______

47.  Why is the core of the earth so hot? ______