AP World Review – Early Modern Period

Terms: (define each term)

  1. Columbian Exchange
  2. Renaissance
  3. Commercial Revolution
  4. Proletariat
  5. Deism
  6. Mercantilism
  7. Enlightenment
  8. Boyars
  9. Cossacks
  10. Encomiendas/Haciendas
  11. Treaty of Tordesillas
  12. Miscegenation
  13. Castas
  14. Triangular trade
  15. Diaspora
  16. Janissaries
  17. Imams, Mullahs, Ayatollahs
  18. Sikhs
  19. Sati
  20. Tokugawa Shogunate

Multiple Choice (find the best answer)

  1. The most prominent form of state structure during this period was
  2. Land-based or maritime empires utilizing military technologies
  3. The small trade-based capitalist states such as the Netherlands
  4. Democratic states
  5. Decentralized government
  6. Theocratic states
  7. All of these were gunpowder empires EXCEPT
  8. Safavid Persia
  9. Ottoman Turkey
  10. Mughal India
  11. Ming China
  12. Tokugawa Japan
  13. A major feature of the early modern globalization of international trade was the
  14. Dominance of trade by the Muslims
  15. Intentional isolation of countries from participating in international trade
  16. Unequal economic and commercial relationships and the dependence of many other states on European states
  17. Decline of the luxury trade
  18. Decrease of unfree labor such as slavery and serfdom
  19. Fundamental to the European acquisition of colonies between 1450 and 1750 was
  20. The superiority of European military technologies against the Turks, Persians, and Mughal India
  21. The lack of immunity amongst Americans, Africans, and Asians to European diseases
  22. European naval and maritime technologies
  23. Lack of opposition
  24. European overpopulation, which allowed large armies and provided willing settlers
  25. The culture or lifestyle that had influenced world history since the Neolithic revolution but ceased to play any role after this era was
  26. Islamic civilization
  27. Chinese civilization
  28. Agricultural societies
  29. Religion
  30. Pastoral nomadic cultures
  31. All of these influenced or encouraged Europe to expand EXCEPT
  32. Fear of the states and peoples Europe might encounter
  33. Desire for gold and monetary gain
  34. Rivalries with other European states to acquire new lands
  35. Hope for personal glory by explorers and conquerors
  36. Desire to spread Christianity abroad
  37. The main reason European conquerors and navigators were able to sail and continue to explore, and the reason the Ming Chinese fleets in the Indian Ocean failed was
  38. Europeans had superior military technologies and the Chinese did not
  39. Europe encountered no opposition, while the Chinese did
  40. European governments supported and encouraged overseas expeditions; the Ming did not
  41. European nations were wealthier than the Chinese
  42. China had a smaller population base than Europe and could not afford to send people abroad
  1. The fragmentation of Christianity during the Reformations into Catholic and Protestant sects most closely resembles the
  2. Sunni-Shia divisions within Islam over political leadership of the Muslim community
  3. Buddha’s founding of Buddhism out of Hindu traditions
  4. Expulsion of the Christians from Judaism around 70 CE
  5. Transformation of religions from polytheism to monotheism
  6. Absorption of Muslim ideas by Hinduism following contacts between the two religions
  1. Russia did not experience either the Renaissance or Reformation because
  2. Russia did not exist at the time of either movement
  3. Russia was engaged in a 100 Years War with the Ottoman Empire
  4. Both revolutions were confined to Italy
  5. Mongol rule cut Russia off and isolated her from western contacts
  6. Russia had no intellectual elites able to understand either movement
  1. The Japanese dealt with the long-term European challenge by
  2. Allying with the Portuguese against the other Europeans
  3. Permitting the Jesuits to convert the Japanese to Christianity
  4. Permitting the Europeans to establish a trading monopoly in Japan
  5. Self-imposed isolation and forbidding most European contacts
  6. Adapting European customs and technology

Review Questions:

  1. How did the Europeans establish and maintain their trading empires in Asia?
  2. What is a gunpowder empire and how is technology critical to its success?
  3. Why did the slave trade arise and how did they affect Africa?
  4. How did Spain organize and manage its empire and colonial possessions?
  5. How did Peter the Great and Catherine the Great modernize Russia?

Geography:

*Illustrate the 3 legs of the Triangle Trade. Be sure to label the goods that were exchanged along each section of the route.

Geography: Find and label the following places

Cape of Good HopeRussiaOttoman EmpireSafavid EmpireMughal EmpireSpainPortugal

FranceNetherlandsJapanCongoAngolaMaliGhana

Chronology (Organize the following events on the attached timeline)

  • Founding of Ottoman Dynasty
  • Ming Dynasty
  • Chinese Period of Exploration
  • Portuguese exploration of Africa
  • Beginning of slave trade
  • Voyages of Columbus
  • Voyages of da Gama
  • Russian independence from Mongol rule
  • Conquest of the Aztecs
  • Conquest of the Incas
  • Unification of Japan under Hideyoshi
  • Scientific Revolution
  • Japanese isolation
  • Reign of Peter the Great in Russia
  • Haitian rebellion