The World between the Wars: Revolutions, Depressions & Authoritarian Response
Name______Period_____
AP World History Chapter30Reading Study Guide Pages726-749
1. What three problems challenged the potential success of the government owned State Universal Stores?
2. What happened to customer complaints in these state owned department stores?
3. When did Russia experience two revolutions?_____4. When did Mussolini take power in Italy?____
5. What is the year of the stock market crash?_____ 6. When did Hitler take power in Germany?____
7. When did Civil War break out in Spain?_____
8. When did Hitler invade Poland?_____
9. What new artistic movement became well-known after WWI? Who led it?
10. Which countries led the way in woman suffrage (right to vote)?
11. What 3 nations known as ‘Dominions’ play an important role in the WWI British War effort?
12. Describe the innovations of US auto manufacturer, Henry Ford.
13. Why didn’t the United States join the League of Nations?
14. What is isolationism?
15. In what ways did Japan enter a ‘new phase of industrialization’ in the 1920s?
16. What is Benito Mussolini’s Fascism?
17. How did he rise to power in 1922? How did he stay in power?
18. Where were other authoritarian regimes established in the 1920s? (name some)
19. What happened in Latin America during WWI?
20. What power replaced Great Britain as the dominant political player in Latin America after WWI?
21. What advances were made in Mexico under the Presidential Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz?
22. What liberal reforms did Diaz crack down on in 1910?
23. Who were the two leaders of the resistance to the repressive Diaz regime?
24. Where did they operate?
25. What was Zapata’s slogan? Why do you think it resonated with the disposed peasants of Mexico?
26. Who tried to impose a ‘Diaz-type’ dictatorship on Mexico?
27. How did Obregon bring an end to the civil war/revolution and institute stability?
28. What is indigenism?
29. Name the two artists who emerged as leader of the muralist movement in Mexico.
30. Who were the “Cristeros”?
31. How/why did the US become involved in the violent struggle in Mexico in the 19-teens?
32. What is the PRI? How was it able to maintain power for the next several decades?
33. How did the Tsar fall from power in Russia?
34. What government took the place of the Tsarist regime?
35. How/when did Lenin seize power from this new government?
36. Which countries all sent troops to fight against Lenin’s government between 1918-1921?
37. Who organized the Red Army? What was it so successful in the Russian Civil War?
38. What is the New Economic Policy? Why did Lenin have to implement it?
39. What was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics? What ethnic group was dominant?
40. How did this new Soviet government echo the Tsarist regimes of the past?
Read: In Depth- A Century of Revolutions, be prepared to discuss the first reading question on P684.
41. Who were the two rivals for power as Lenin’s health deteriorated and in death in 1924?
42. How did Stalin intend to make Communist work?
43. What was the Comintern?
44. What was collectivization?
Soviet Hammer & Sickle (Industrial Workers and Farmers) as the new proletariat, the globe symbolized the world-wide revolutionary aims of the Third International (Comintern).
The Fasces was a governmental symbol of the AncientRomanRepublic appropriated by Mussolini’s Fascist Party. The Axe bound in birch branches by a red leather ribbon symbolized strength through unity, the axe indicating the governmental authority of various Roman officials.
The Swastika is an ancient Sanskrit/Hindu/Aryan Symbol for “Good Luck” or good fortune. It had been used around the world without stigma until appropriated by Adolph Hitler for use in his new Nazi Party Flag. He claimed common heritage of the German/Aryan people as the “Master Race” Since 1933 it has become so closely associated with Nazism so as to render it almost useless for any other purpose.
1. What event opened the way for a decades long struggle for control of China?
2. What group would eventually prove victorious in this struggle?
3. Who planned to seize the vacant Manchu throne and start new imperial dynasty?______
4. What was Sun Yat-sen’s Revolutionary Alliance?
5. Why did his “presidency” have little effective power in China? How was Chinaactually governed?
6. How and when did Japan attempt to make China a giant Japanese protectorate?
7. What was the May Fourth Movement?
8. Who was the first Chinese scholar to modify Marxism to “fit” China? How did he justify this?
9. What future leader came under the influence of this scholar during his school days in Beijing?
10. What is the Guomindang? What were their goals?
11. What was the WhampoaMilitaryAcademy? Who set it up?
12. Who rose to prominence in the Guomindang? How did he feel about the Communist alliance?
13. Describe Mao Zedong’s background. How did he feel about revolution?
14. How did Chaing Kai-shek become the nominal ruler of China after Sun Yat-sen’s death? Was he in full control of the country?
15. What was the Long March?
16. What were the causes of The Great Depression?
17. How was European prosperity “fragile”?
18. How did protectionism make matters worse?
19. What were the outcomes of the New York stock market crash of 1929?
20. What were some of the negative impacts of the Great Depression?
21. In what ways was the Great Depression ‘a truly international collapse’?
22. What two possibilities were faced by parliamentary governments dealing with the Great Depression?
23. What was the Popular Front in France?
24. What was the New Deal in the US? Who brought it about? Did it actually solve the Great Depression?
25. How did the Great Depression lead directly to a fascist government for Germany?
26. Why did various groups support Hitler and the National Socialists?
27. What is a totalitarian state?
28. What was Hitler’s attitude toward and treatment of the Jews?
29. Where else did fascist and semi-fascist regimes crop up in Europe?
30. How did the Spanish Civil War break out?
31. Who led the fascist forces?
32. Who aided the fascist side?
33. Who aided or, at least, paid lip-service to aiding the republican side?
Read & Study Guernica and the images of War; be prepared to answer the first two discussion questions.
34. What was the condition of the middle class in Latin America during the 1920-30s?
35. What was corporatism?
36. Describe some of the reforms and achievements of President Lazaro Cardenas of Mexico.
37. How did President/Dictator Getulio Vargas reform government in Brazil?
38. What was Brazil’s role in WWII?
39. What has been Vargas’s legacy in Brazil since his death by suicide?
40. How did Juan Peron rise to power in Argentina?
41. How did Peron maintain power?
42. What were Peron’s reforms?
43. How did Japan’s government evolve into a military dictatorship in the 1930s?
44. What territories did the Japanese Empire control? What natural resources were they after?
45. Why was the Soviet Union “buffered” from the worst effects of the Great Depression?
46. What was the outcome of collectivized agriculture?
47. What happened to the kulaks?
48. What was the purpose of Stalin’s Five Year Plans? Were the successful?
49. To whom does Stearns compare Stalin?
50. What is Socialist Realism?
51. What was the purpose of the purges?
52. In what ways did Stalin develop a totalitarian regime in the USSR?
53. In what ways was the USSR threatened by Hitler’s Germany?
54. What do you think motivated Stalin into signing a Non-Aggression Pact with Germany in 1939?
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