All Quotes from Harman, a Peoples History of the World, Bookmarks, 1999

Study Guide

Greece

(All quotes from Harman, A Peoples History of the World, Bookmarks, 1999)

1. The Greek Dark Age (1200-800 BCE)

1. Greece: resource ______

1. surpluses and colonization ----

1. Greek farmers grew: barley, _____ trees and ______

1. craft skills

1. Greek Dark Age ended with renewed contacts with ______

1. ______alphabet adapted to Greek writing system

1. Greek polis/city-state - “The Greek city-states, unencumbered by the gross bureaucracies of the Mesopotamian, Assyrian and Persian empires, were able to show a greater dynamism and to command the active allegiance of a much greater proportion of their populations when it came to war.”

1. tyranny

1. oligarchy

1. Greek slavery --- “The relative unproductiveness of the land had one other very important side effect. The surplus output that could be obtained after feeding a peasant family and its children was quite small. But it could be increased considerably by working the land --- and later the mines and large craft establishments --- with the labor of childless adults. The enslavement of war captives provided just such a labor force --- slavery in Greece, as later in Rome, became a major source or the surplus”

1. Athens --- It became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC. Its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilization

1. Athenian working classes and “democracy” --- “In some states, most notably Athens, the pressure from below resulted in even more radical changes --- the replacement of both oligarchy and tyranny by ‘democracy.’ The word, taken literally, means ‘people power.’ In reality it never referred to the whole people since it excluded slaves, women and resident non-citizens --- the metics, who often accounted for a large percentage of the traders and craftsmen. It did not challenge the concentration of property --- and slaves --- it the hands of the rich either --- but did give the poor the power to protect themselves from the worst extortions of the rich”

1. Solons reforms (594 BCE)

1. Sparta

1. helots

1. Ionian Revolt: The Ionian Revolts were triggered by the actions of Aristagoras, the tyrant of the Ionian city of Miletus at the end of the 6th century BC and the beginning of the 5th century BC. They constituted the first major conflict between Greece and Persia.

1. Persian Wars --- Darius & Xerxes

1. Greek hoplites

1. Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)

1. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)

1. Themistocles (525 - c.460 BCE)

1. mines an Laurian

1. trireme

1. Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)

1. Delian League

1. Island of Delos

1. Pericles (495 BCE-429 BCE)

1. “Golden Age” literary, theatrical and artistic achievements of Athens were due in part to ______and ______

1. Peloponnesian War (431 BCE - 404 BCE)

1. Socrates (469 BCE – May 7, 399 BCE)

1. Peloponnesian League

1. Fall of Athens

1. Philip II of Macedon (382-336 BCE)

1. Alexander (356 BCE -323 BCE) --- get the Persians!

1. Hellenistic Age

1. Oracle at Delphi

1. Greek humanism

1. Alexandria

1. Alexander and control of a vast empire

1. Alexander’s death --- fragmentation of empire

1. The Hellenistic Age