Сборник «Взрывное дело» №104/61 2010г.
Аннотации и ключевые слова на английском языке
Abstracts and key words in English
Section 1. Theoretical and experimental studies on
explosions and fracture of rocks
1.1 Viktorov S.D., Zakalinsky V. M.
THE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT OF EXPLOSIVE WORKS IN RUSSIA
In article modern lines in explosive works are considered and the concept of their further development is formulated by working out of mineral deposits in Russia.
Key words: explosive, the means of initiation, the structure of the rock, the scale of breaking, the concentrated charges, trinitrotoluol, non-explosive components, granulated explosives.
1.2 Trofimov V.S.
GENERALIZATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY OF DETONATION IN CASE OF TURBULENT FLOW ENVIRONMENT
(A part II. Turbulence as analogue of a chemical component of media)
In the second part of work is shown, that development and turbulence attenuation influences mechanical parametres of with great dispatch-wave process the same as physical and chemical transformations of environment. Without this conclusion theoretical constructions and settlement schemes can lead to the deformed picture of considered process.
Key words: turbulent shock-wave movement, a detonation, effective pressure, effective internal energy, chemical spike, a selection rule for speed of a detonation, the physical and chemical transformation, the generalized kinetic characteristic.
1.3 Krukov G.M., Vaver P.A., (MSMU)
ROCKS DESTRUCTION PROCESS FEATURES DURING INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES CRUSHING
Аsessment of the impact piston detonation products on the explosive fragmentation of rocks taking into account their rate of expiration of the radial cracks.
Key words: rock, the products of detonation, the blast wave, crack
1.4 M. Zagirnyak, T. Kozlovskaja., V. Chebenko
THE PYROELECTRIC EFFECT OF EXPLOSIVES AND PARAMETERS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPONENT
The features of origin of pyroelectric effect are considered at the explosives of inorganic and organic nature. Influence of the own magnetic field of electrons and ions of these matters of different crystal-chemic structure is described on formation of low temperature plasma. Intercommunication is certain between the physical and chemical, physic-mechanical parameters of detonation of explosives and electromagnetic constituent of this process.
Key words: pyroelectric effect, magnetic field, explosives, low
1.5 Zharikov I.F.
THE MECHANICAL ACTION OF AN EXPLOSION IN ELASTO-PLASTIC ENVIRONMENT
Discusses the process of transferring energy in a spherical charge in Elasto-plastic solid environment. It is shown that the main dissipaciв energy takes place in the middle zone, where the amplitude of wave voltage is high enough. To improve the effectiveness of the explosion in a solid development environment, you must change the energy transformation processes in the initial stages of expansion products detonation charging cavity.
Key words: plastic deformation, in charge of the explosive energy of explosion, the massive speed offset environment detonate explosive cavity products
1.6 Victorov S.D., Odintsev V.N., Kochanov A.N., Osokin A.A.
MICRO- AND NANOPARTICLE GENERATION UNDER ROCK DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE
The paper presents study findings of particle emission under rock loading. Particle dispersion composition and generation dynamics are shown to depend on rock properties and stress. A sharp rise in particle emission is observed before specimen fracture and may be used as a sign of forthcoming rock macrodestruction. A novel instrumental method for monitoring of technogenic catastrophic events associated with rock macrofracture may be developed basing on the established regularities and dependencies.
Key words: rock, stress, fracture, microparticles, dispersion composition, fracture monitoring
Section 2. Development and usage of explosive technologies for
mineral deposits mining
2.1 Paramonov G.P., Gospodarikov A.P., Kovalevskij V.N.
INFLUENCE CRACK IN ROCK OF THE HILLS ON THE CHOICE OF THE NATURAL STONE BLOCKS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
In work the explosive technology of branch stone blocks strong rocky breeds from a file with high natural crack in a stone is considered. Concrete types of explosives in quality bore-hole charges are recommended. The technological circuit and parameters chisel and Explosive works is offered at explosive branch of the blocks for conditions of a deposit of gabbro-diabases.
Key words: File of rocks, crack, technology, block stone, parameters, explosives.
2.2 Fokin V.A., Togunov., Shitov U.A.
ABOUT POSSIBILITY OF STRUCTURALLY ADVERSE SITES REVEALING OF THE BOARD OF THE OPEN-CAST MINE BY RESULTS OF SEISMOMEASUREMENTS UNDER A MASS EXPLOSIONS
Possibility of revealing of structurally adverse sites of a board of an open-cast mine by results of the seismomeasurements executed by manufacture of technological mass explosions is shown. On the basis of use of velocity and power parameters of an estimation of intensity of seismoexplosive influence the criterion of an estimation of degree of structural infringements of a rock massif is developed.
Key words: Open-cast mine, blasthole charges, mass explosion, seismic action, the maximum vector velocity, volume power saturation.
2.3 Vinogradov Y.I.
METHODOLOGY OF AN ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF CRUSHING OF A FILE OF ROCKS VARIOUS TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES
In connection with introduction at the mining enterprises of new types of explosives definition of expenses of energy of system of the charges going on crushing of a file of rocks, is an actual problem. The present article is devoted the decision of this question.
Key words: explosion efficiency, energy, explosive, charge, line of the least resistance, the specific expense, durability.
2.4 Belin V.A., Kamolov Sh.А.
STRESSED STATE OF ROCKS WITH STRONG INCLUSIONS IN THE EXPLOSION OF AN ELONGATED BOREHOLE EXPLOSIVE CHARGE
Numerical research on program Simulla ABAQUS/Standard the is intense condition of a file from rocks is carried out at detonation them extended blast hole charges explosive. It is shown that the maximum stretching value of pressure and σ in points in the heart of a file reach through 50 mks after blast wave arrival in set points of a file and they exceed strength of rocks even outside of a zone of adjustable crushing.
Key words: rock mass, modeling, pressure, explosion, the block, explosive, a ledge.
2.5 Shkumatov A.N.
CONTROL OF THE ROCKMASS DESTRUCTION BY THE STATIC-DYNAMIC LOADING
An application of the explosive and unexplosive rockmass destruction for the construction of the mine excavations’ connection is proposed. The results of the laboratory researches of the developed technology are described. Industrial approbations on the mines are resulted.
Key words: connection, curve – terrace form, rock, explosive technology, unexplosive expanding mixtures, bore-hole, destruction
2.6 Shlyapin A.V., Lapikov I.N.
CALCULATION METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SIZE OF ROCK FRAGMENTED BY EXPLOSION
This paper describes a method for calculating the distribution fields of the explosion shattered pieces of rock mass and size class distribution of the pieces of ore and rock fragmented by explosion of borehole charges in quarries.
Key words: energy of destruction, distribution field, rock piece, pseudo-cube, pseudo-tetrahedron, linear measurement, volume.
2.7 Vartanov V.G., Samotin C.I., Dobrynin I.A., Lucovich E.I.
THE ORGANIZATION OF WORKS ON LOADING THE BIG SECTION CHAMBERS ON LARGE-SCALE EXPLOSION KAMBARATINSKY HPS-2 IN THE KIRGHIZ REPUBLIC
In clause the organization and technology loading developments of the big section, applied on a place of projected large-scale explosion of creation spent with the purpose of creation of a dam on Kambaratinsky HES-2 are resulted.
The offered organization loading developments of the big section has provided safety of performance of adjacent works and the minimal terms for manufacture of large-scale explosion.
Key words: large-scale explosion spent for the purpose of creation of a dam, large-scale explosion, rock mass, explosive, coyote-hole, safety transportation explosive, construction charge
2.8 Vinogradov Y.I.
ENERGY ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF THE EXPLODING AREA OF ROCK
Experimental researches results on change of expenses of energy of explosion on crushing of a file of rocks are resulted at a variation of a parity of lines of the least resistance and weight of a charge and approbation of these results in the conditions of industrial explosions.
Key words: specific power inputs, grid, grading of the broke material, destruction funnel, efficiency.
2.9 Chirkov S.E., Makhrakov I.V.
REGULARITIES OF FRACTURED ROCKS STRENGTH AND ELASTICITY CHANGING AS FUNCTION OF STRESS STATE
Based on experimental studies of seven types of rocks under uniaxial compression strength of 1.4 to 180 MPa with artificial cracks in the tested samples were obtained regularities of changes in strength and elasticity to change the parameters of triaxial compression.
Key words: strength, elasticity, fracture, stress state
Section 3. Industrial explosives and initiation devices research
3.1 Kolganov E.V., Sosnin V.A., Strakhov A.G., Belin V.A., Efremovtsev A.N.
REVIEW OF EXISTING EXPLOSION CONTROL SYSTEMS
The investigations on the selection of the explosion control systems were carried out. There were classified three types of explosion systems with electronic delay: with two wires, many wires and hybrid systems. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of explosion systems with electronic delay were considered. The most promising in usual industrial blasting operations are the hybrid systems because they are the most habitual and convenient for application. It is possible to make mixed systems on their base using both electronic and pyrotechnic delays.
Key words: hybrid system, operating temperature, explosion system, electronic detonator, electronic delay.
3.2 Belin V.A., Efremovtsev N.N., Efremovtsev A.N.
IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND COMPOSITION OF INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVES WITH THE USE OF CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
The article presents the results of the research aimed at the perfection of compositions and technology for the fabrication of explosives containing conversion components, with the application of ultrasonic and electromagnetic treatment methods; fuel emulsions providing for the modification and significant increase of the contact surface of industrial explosive components; essential reduction of the critical diameter of detonation and minimization of the environmental impact of blasting.
Key words: explosive composition, conversion industrial explosives, ultrasonic treatment, fuel emulsions, nano- and microtechnologies.
3.3 A.S. Zharkov, N.Y. Dochilov, Y.A. Petrov, T.V. Sokolova,
V.P. Udovichenko, N.M. Skorodenko
ESTIMATE OF EFFICIENCY OF ALUMINUM / FERROSILICON USE IN THE COMPOSITION OF DETONITE-M
Results of study of physico-chemical properties and explosive characteristics of Detonite M using powder Aluminum/Ferrosilicon (manufactured by the Republic of Kazakhstan) as an energetic additive are given in the paper.
Key words: explosives, silicone aluminum, metallic fuel,effectiveness of explosive action
3.4 Kukib B.N.
Influence of the cartridge diameter on selectiveness permissible explosives
The experimental results shows, that selectiveness of explosives will decrease when cartridge diameter is increase.
Key words: explosive, diameter of cartridge, selectiveness.
3.5 Sosnin V.A., Morozov K.E., Korunov V.N.
CREATION FACILITIES FOR INDUSTRIAL EMULSION EXPLOSIVES PRODUCTION
It is shown the advantage of a new type of emulsion commercial explosives and units for their production over factory-made commercial explosives and in site of their application (granular explosives of ANFO type, water-based explosives). Characteristics of the emulsion commercial explosives and the units for their production are presented. A short description of the emulsion commercial explosives production process in modular version is given and the conditions of their location in mining facilities.
Key words: emulsion commercial explosives, poremit, granemit, a unit, process.
3.6 Annikov V.E., Veprikova А.А., Raikova V.M., Trunin V.V.
INVESTIGATION OF DETONATION OF WATERGEL EXPLOSIVES CONTAINING POLYDISPERSE ALUMINUM
Water-impregnated explosives containing aluminum flake and powders of various dispersity were investigated. Measurements carried out by means of electromagnetic technique and streak camera GFR-3. Particle velocity profiles and dependencies of detonation parameters on the aluminum dispersity, charge diameter and density were obtained.
Key words: watergel explosives, aluminum, detonation, electromagnetic technique.
3.7 A.V. Balaсhnina, M.S. Vasilishin, Y.A. Petrov, S.A. Rutskikh
INVESTIGATION OF DRYING AND HEATING KINETICS OF CRYSTALLINE SODIUM NITRATE IN THE APPARATUS WITH A PULSATING BED
The procedure of carrying out experiments on drying crystalline sodium nitrate in apparatus with a pulsating bed has been described. The influence of process parameters on velocity has been determined. The correlated dependence of the velocity of drying material in the first period has been derived. The correlation curve of experimental values and calculated on the base of the base of the derived dependence of the velocity of drying material in the first period has been given.
Key words: drying, pulsating bed, velocity of drying material.
3.8 Kukib B.N.
FEATURES OF ALUMINUM-CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITIONS SUCH AS AMMONALS
The comparison accounting and experimental dates on velocities detonation aluminumized explosives be made. It has been shown that aluminum in detonation zone not react.
Key words: explosives, aluminum powder, ideal velocity of detonation.
3.9 Andreev V.V.
APPLICATION FEATURES OF BLASTING SYSTEMS WITH ELECTRONIC DECELERATION
Aspects of Explosives systems with digital slowing in Russia and abroad. Attention is drawn to the consumers on the effectiveness and safety of domestic developments in the recommended procedure for applying EDEZ.
Key words: electronic explosives, slowing the surface, seismic impact, controllability explosion.
3.10 Kolganov E.V., Iliyn V.P., Sosnin V.A., Strakhov A.G.
INITIATION DETONATORS MARKING
For marking of commercial explosives initiation means (electric detonators) the method based on laser was tested. Experimental prototype of marking was made on an aluminum surface of ED-8M1 electric detonator case using the set of FGUP NII “Polyus”. There were obtained clear, easy readable, not merging with each other identification marks in contrast to mechanical method of marking with the use of the electric detonator case squeezing. The regimes of the marking process are presented.
Key words: blaster, identification mark, laser set, marking, electric detonator.
3.11 Fokin V.A.
THE PARTICULARITIES of the in-hole MEASUREMENTS of EXPLOSIVES detonation velocity AT MASS BLAST PRODUCTION In open pit CONDITIONS
The executed analysis to dependencies quality in-hole measurements of the velocity of detonation from blasting time of the testing hole. It is shown that measuring wire Probecable-HT must take seats in testing hole, which blasting time must not exceed 400 - 600 ms.
Key words: explosives, mass blasts, velocity to detonation, measurement.
3.12 Starshinov A.V.
MODERN LOCAL MANUFACTURED EXPLOSIVES FOR MONGOLIAN MINING COMPLEXES
The short review of explosive works in Mongolia, and also of used explosives, is presented. Features of manufacture and properties modern high-effective explosives, including emulsion explosives in cartridges of small diameter and sensitive to primary initiation are described. Results of tests of emulsion explosives, and also of ammonite 6GV and dynamite which are recognized standards of comparison are presented.
Key words: drilling-and-blasting operations, ANFO, emulsion explosives, technology of manufacturing, explosive characteristics