Supporting information for “Distribution behavior and risk assessmentofmetals in bio-oilsproducedby liquefaction/pyrolysis of sewage sludge”

Lijian Lenga, b, Xingzhong Yuan a, b, ,Huajun Huang c,Xin Penga, b, Hongmei Chena, b, Hou Wanga, b, Lele Wanga, b, Xiaohong Chen d,Guangming Zenga, b

a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, HunanUniversity, Changsha 410082, P.R. China

b Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control (HunanUniversity), Ministry ofEducation, Changsha 410082, P.R. China

c School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P.R. China

dSchool of Business, CentralSouthUniversity, Changsha 410083, P.R. China

Table S1Percentages of metals distributed into bio-oils.

Metals / P850 / P700 / P550 / LE / LM / LA
Crust metals
K / 0.22 / 0.23 / 0.21 / 0.43 / 0.30 / 0.52
Na / 1.71 / 2.12 / 2.16 / 2.83 / 1.82 / 3.54
Ca / 0.96 / 0.99 / 0.86 / 1.33 / 0.85 / 0.80
Mg / 0.22 / 0.27 / 0.18 / 0.16 / 0.12 / 0.19
Al / 1.11 / 1.10 / 1.05 / 0.74 / 0.54 / 0.93
Fe / 3.03 / 3.81 / 3.85 / 2.89 / 1.89 / 7.92
Anthropogenic metals
Cu / 4.65 / 8.66 / 10.25a / 7.86 / 5.86 / 9.00
Zn / 1.68 / 2.07 / 1.90 / 2.27 / 1.55 / 2.46
Cr / 13.13 / 16.44 / 16.73 / 15.31 / 11.49 / 18.92
Pb / 4.19 / 3.97 / 3.25 / 4.42 / 3.04 / 3.83
Ni / 0.50 / 2.28 / 2.59 / 3.32 / 2.22 / 1.64
Mn / 1.38 / 1.59 / 1.48 / 0.69 / 0.95 / 1.33
Ba / 3.48 / 6.82 / 4.67 / 3.80 / 4.08 / 5.60
As / 2.74 / 2.07 / 0.52 / 2.55 / 1.88 / 2.57
Ti / 0.88 / 1.33 / 1.78 / 0.78 / 0.55 / 0.92
Hg / 7.79 / 6.21 / 4.12 / 10.76 / 6.99 / 12.31
Cd / 114.50 / 13.22 / 4.22 / 7.66 / 4.29 / 6.51
V / 2.60 / 7.18 / 10.06 / 9.14 / 5.82 / 7.52
Co / 3.63 / 10.59 / 16.86 / 19.16 / 8.13 / 15.76
Sn / 7.61 / 12.50 / 12.65 / 14.61 / 11.05 / 21.53

aPercentageshigher than 10are shadowed.
Table S2The results of EFs for metals in bio-oils.

Metals / P850 / P700 / P550 / LE / LM / LA
Crust metals
K / 0.06a / 0.03 / 0.04 / 0.11 / 0.07 / 0.09
Na / 0.49 / 0.31 / 0.46 / 0.75 / 0.45 / 0.63
Ca / 0.27 / 0.15 / 0.18 / 0.35 / 0.21 / 0.14
Mg / 0.06 / 0.04 / 0.04 / 0.04 / 0.03 / 0.03
Al / 0.32 / 0.16 / 0.22 / 0.20 / 0.13 / 0.17
Fe / 0.87 / 0.56 / 0.82 / 0.76 / 0.46 / 1.41
Anthropogenic metals
Cu / 1.33 / 1.27 / 2.19b / 2.07 / 1.44 / 1.61
Zn / 0.48 / 0.30 / 0.41 / 0.60 / 0.38 / 0.44
Cr / 3.77 / 2.41 / 3.58 / 4.02 / 2.82 / 3.38
Pb / 1.20 / 0.58 / 0.70 / 1.16 / 0.75 / 0.68
Ni / 0.14 / 0.33 / 0.56 / 0.87 / 0.55 / 0.29
Mn / 0.40 / 0.23 / 0.32 / 0.18 / 0.23 / 0.24
Ba* / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00
As / 0.79 / 0.30 / 0.11 / 0.67 / 0.46 / 0.46
Ti / 0.25 / 0.20 / 0.38 / 0.21 / 0.13 / 0.16
Hg / 2.24 / 0.91 / 0.88 / 2.83 / 1.71 / 2.20
Cd / 4.16 / 1.94 / 0.90 / 2.02 / 1.05 / 1.16
V / 0.74 / 1.05 / 2.15 / 2.40 / 1.43 / 1.34
Co / 1.04 / 1.55 / 3.61 / 5.04c / 1.99 / 2.82
Sn / 2.18 / 1.83 / 2.71 / 3.84 / 2.71 / 3.85

aEF2, deficiency to minimal enrichment;

b2≤EF5, moderate enrichment;

c5≤EF20, significant enrichment;

* The reference metal.

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Corresponding author at: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, HunanUniversity, Changsha 410082, P.R. China. Tel.:+86 731 88821413; fax: +86 731 88823701.

E-mail addresses: (X.Z. Yuan).