Spring Final 2013
REVIEW
Mrs. Barnett
8th Grade
Social Studies
United States History
Student Name:
Class Section:
1. What reason motivated industrialists in northern states to favor tariffs during the early 1800s?
It would increase the demand for American goods.
2. Which 1828 political party rejected the national bank and supported the presidential campaign of Andrew Jackson?
Democratic Party
3.
What term is being described in the box?
Policy
4. In 1836, the Cherokee Indians were given two years to . By 1838, only 2000 had done so. The U.S. government sent in 7,000 troops to force the Cherokee Indians to march west. It is known as the . In the end at least 4,000 Cherokee had died of cold, hunger, and disease.
Which terms complete the paragraph?
Migrate…Trail of Tears
5. Thomas Jefferson : opposed national bank ::
: supported national bank
Alexander Hamilton
6. What headline could have accompanied the election of Andrew Jackson?
A Victory for the Common Man
7. Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
What were some of the goals of passing this act?
· To avoid conflict between white settlers and southeastern American Indian tribes
· To confiscate American Indian lands for cotton farmers
· To protect the American Indian government and culture
8. How did the Cherokee respond to the Indian Removal Act passed by the Jackson administration?
They asked the federal government to protect their rights.
9. What was the impact of Jackson’s attempt to reduce conflicts between American Indians and white settlers during the 1830s?
American Indians were forced to migrate west of the Mississippi River.
10. How did President Jackson respond to the Supreme Court decision to protect the rights and land of the Cherokee?
He paid no attention to the decision.
11. What were some of the issues during the Age of Jackson?
· Attempts to remove Indians west of the Mississippi River
· The Nullification Crisis
· The National Bank
12. Many Historians consider Andrew Jackson’s election as president to be a major shift in American politics that is sometimes referred to as the “revolution of 1828”. Why was this?
His election showed a change in political power from the powerful and wealthy to the common population.
13. Use the events and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
Which of the following correctly orders the events chronologically?
3,2,1,4
14. Use the information in the box and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
Which characteristics best complete the list?
Factories and reform
15. What caused the growth of cities during the Industrialization Era?
Industrialization
16. How did construction of railroads and canals most benefit Northern industry?
There was faster movement of people and goods
17. railroads : :: urbanization :
Which word below best fit as a negative consequence into both blanks?
Pollution
18. What was a benefit of the free enterprise system in the United States during the 19th century?
America did not depend on foreign products as much.
19. Use the diagram and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
What would best to complete the diagram above?
· More immigrants in cities
· More pollution in major cities
· Division between classes
20. What innovation was most responsible for the growth of industry during the 1800s?
Steam power
21. Use the diagram and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
What best completes the diagram above?
· Growth of cities
· Increased immigration
· Cheaper, better products
22. What were economic changes that resulted from the War of 1812?
· Increased industrial production
· Introduction to the American system
· Increased reliance on American manufactured goods
23. Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
Adam Smith
Adam Smith is considered the founder of modern economics. He claimed that the individuals should be left to pursue their own economic self-interests. Through this, all society would ultimately benefit. Additionally, the state should not interrupt the natural forces at work by imposing regulations on the economy.
Which government economic policy is described?
Laissez-faire
24. What was a major the impact of innovations during the 19th century?
Scientific discoveries and innovations during this period led to increased immigration and an expansion of slavery.
25. What impacted the plantation system in the United States?
· Invention of the cotton gin
· Rich soil and long growing season
· Triangle Trade
26. : Traveling up river ::
: Migrating westward
What transportation might have been used to accomplish the above?
Steamboats, wagon trains
27. I. Morse telegraph invented
II. Erie Canal opened
III. First successful steamboat
IV. War of 1812
In what order did the above events occur?
III, IV, II, I
28. What allowed the United States to become a top producer of steal?
Development of the Bessemer process
29. Why did President Jackson oppose renewing the charter for the Second Bank of the United States?
The bank had too much power over the economy and favored the wealthy.
30. What helped Jackson win the election of 1828?
· Jackson’s humble background and military heroism
· Expanded voting rights enabled many new people to participate.
· Jackson appealed to the common people.
31. What were major issues during the Age of Jackson?
Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
“We are unanimously of opinion that the law passed by the Legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States is unconstitutional and void.
This opinion does not deprive the States of any resources which they originally possessed. It does not extend to a tax paid by the real property of the bank, in common with the other real property within the State, nor to a tax imposed on the interest which the citizens of Maryland may hold in this institution, in common with other property of the same description throughout the State. But this is a tax on the operations of the bank, and is, consequently, a tax on the operation of an instrument employed by the Government of the Union to carry its powers into execution. Such a tax must be unconstitutional.”
- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
32. How did this decision interpret the constitutional principle of federalism?
Maryland could not tax the federal government.
33. Who was the president of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
34. What was the Union’s main economy?
Industry
35. What marked the beginning of the Civil War?
Attack on Fort Sumter
36. What were the border states during the Civil War?
Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, Maryland
37. Who wrote the Emancipation Proclamation?
Abraham Lincoln
38. What was the main purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
To free the slaves in the Confederacy only
39. Who was the leader of the Confederate Army?
Robert E. Lee
40. What was the Confederate states’ main economy?
Agriculture
41. Which Political Party did the North mostly follow?
Republican
42. What is a tariff?
Tax on imported goods
43. Why were Southerners opposed to the abolition of slavery?
It would ruin the South’s economy.
44. What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act declare?
Territories could use popular sovereignty to decide if they would allow slavery.
45. During the Civil War, who wanted states’ rights?
Southerners
46. What group of people wanted slavery outlawed?
Abolitionists
47. Who did General Lee surrender to at Appomattox Courthouse?
Ulysses S. Grant
48. What states were in the Union?
Oregon, California, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin
49. What battle was considered the turning point of the Civil War?
Battle of Gettysburg
50. What states were in the Confederacy?
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
51. What state was the first to secede from the Union?
South Carolina
52. What battle is considered the bloodiest battle in United States history?
Battle of Antietam
53. Who organized the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
54. What was the biggest killer of the Civil War?
Disease
55. Who was the President of the Union?
Abraham Lincoln
56. What battle resulted in the loss of the Mississippi River to the Confederacy?
Battle of Vicksburg
57. What document was used as U.S. government before the Constitution?
Articles of Confederation
58. What declared European nations were not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere’s affairs any longer?
Monroe Doctrine
59. Which battle was the turning point of the Revolutionary War?
Battle of Saratoga
60. Which treaty established the ending of the U.S.-Mexican War?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
61. What did the 13th Amendment do?
Outlawed Slavery
62. What did the 14th Amendment do?
Gave African Americans equal rights as citizens
63. What did the 15th Amendment do?
Gave African Americans the right to vote
64. What did the Southern states create to limit African Americans’ rights including the right to vote?
Black Codes
65. What era reorganized and reunited the Union and Confederacy after the Civil War?
Reconstruction
66. What did the Southern states create to limit African Americans’ right to vote?
Jim Crow Laws
67. How did the South keep African Americans from entering the labor force?
Sharecropping
68. What was granted to people who fought for the Confederacy instead of imprisonment?
Amnesty
69. What was established to provide social, educational, economic services, advice, and protection to former slaves and poor whites?
Freedman’s Bureau
70. What was a fee charged so people in the South could vote called?
Poll tax
71. What secret society was created by white southerners after the Civil War that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights?
Klu Klux Klan
72. What negative term was used for Northerners who went into the South during Reconstruction to make their fortune or to otherwise take advantage of military rule there?
Carpet baggers
73. What group of Southern Democrats created the poll tax limiting African Americans' right to vote along with many other oppressive policies?
Redeemers
74. Who pushed for abolition and equal rights for newly freed slaves?
Radical Republicans
75. What agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups concerned the extension of slavery into new territories?
Missouri Compromise
76. What compromise included admitting California as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, and popular sovereignty deciding whether territories gained from the U.S.-Mexican War would allow slavery?
Compromise of 1850
77. What law made it a crime to help runaway slaves?
Fugitive Slave Act
78. How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?
More people joined churches and religion expanded across the United States
79. Why did reformers start the temperance movement?
Stop the abuse of alcohol
80. Why is the Seneca Falls convention significant in history?
It was the first meeting for women’s rights.
81. What does the word secede mean?
To separate
82. What does abolition mean?
To end slavery
83. Who were carpet baggers during the Reconstruction Era?
People who traveled down from the North to enforce Reconstruction
84. What does amnesty mean?
To grant someone exemption from a punishment from a crime
85. What does it mean to compromise?
To make an agreement over a disagreement
86. What was significant about Redeemers during the Reconstruction Era?
They were people who wanted democrats re-established in government.
87. During what century did the Civil War take place?
19th Century
88. How did Radical Republicans view slavery?
They wanted it to be abolished.
89. Why did the Ku Klux Klan develop?
So Southerners could terrorize minorities and further limit African American rights
90. What is women’s suffrage?
Women’s right to vote
91. What was the Reconstruction Era?
A time after the Civil War that reunited the United States
92. What caused cities to grow in the North beginning in the 18th Century?
Industry
93. Who surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at the end of the Civil War?
Robert E. Lee
94. How did Redeemers view civil rights during reconstruction?
Negatively
95. What was the first meeting about women’s rights?
Seneca Falls
96. What major piece of literature created more awareness in the North about the ugliness of slavery in the South?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
97. How did the Know Nothing Party view immigration?
They thought immigrants would take citizens’ jobs away.
98. Which Supreme Court Case ruled the Cherokee Indians a nation that could not be removed from lands in Georgia?
Worcester vs. Georgia
99. What was the Trail of Tears?
A time when the U.S. government forced Southeastern American Indians off their lands and west of the Mississippi
100. What major innovation caused slavery to significantly increase in the South?
Cotton Gin