Announcement
All students from 1st year anatomy course who freed locomotary system (1st semester) should send an essay in electronic format on the e-mail address published at the end of this announcement. Deadline period is from 16th to 23rd of April, 2012.
Topics for anatomy term papers
1. Cervical spine biomechanics. What problems can a misalignment in the upper cervical spine cause?
Understanding of cervical spine biomechanics is important in understanding the mechanism of any injury to the upper cervical spine. Biomechanics is basically a science, which applies physical and mechanical laws to biological structures like muscles, ligaments, joints and various other structures. Since the human spine is populated with many of these structures in a complex web it is possible for changes in these structures or changes in the position of the skull (occiput or C0) on top of the cervical spine to affect the biomechanical abilities of the cervical spine to hold the head vertical and therefore affect normal movement at that level. Also, because of the close proximity of vital anatomy like cranial nerves, the spinal cord, the brainstem, arteries and other blood vessels it stands to reason that any change in cervical spine biomechanics may well have a detrimental affect on these vital structures and hence affect a person’s overall health.
2. Critical Characteristics and the Irreducible Knee Joint.
The concept of irreducibility requires a set of characteristics that must exist simultaneously. Such characteristics are termed critical characteristics. The advantage of identifying critical characteristics is that they give an indication of the minimum quantity of design information that must exist simultaneously in the genetic code for a mechanism to have any useful function. The irreducible mechanism of the knee joint is shown to contain at least 16 critical characteristics, each requiring thousands of precise units of information to exist simultaneously in the genetic code. This demonstrates that the knee could not have evolved but must have been created as a fully functioning limb joint from the beginning of its existence.
3. Dynamic Structure of the Human Foot
The human foot acts in concert with the rest of the body during standing and movement. It provides man with his most effective physical contact with the environment and is especially responsible for successful regulation of initial and final contact of the body with the ground. The foot must also provide adjustable support during the characteristic human occupations of manipulating the environment or of simply standing in line.
4. Promoting Joint Health
As individuals age, their joints commonly bear the brunt of overexertion. Discuss the anatomy of a human joint, describing the parts of the joint necessary for proper joint function. Outline ways in which individuals can reduce the risk of joint damage and ensure they have healthy, functioning joints well into old age.
5. Functioning of the Muscular System
Through the operation of the muscular system, humans can move and complete actions. Discuss the interconnectedness of this system, explaining how each part of the system relies on other parts to operate effectively. Discuss how individuals can build their musculature, explaining the anatomical reasons behind the effectiveness of each exercise option.
6. Parts of the Human Hand
While the human hand might seem simple, it actually is made up of a complex network of bone and muscle. Dedicate your term paper to the detailed exploration of this commonly underrated body part. Discuss how this body part functions and what connective systems make this functioning possible. Explain how the hand allows humans to complete tasks impossible for other species and, therefore, assists in ensuring human dominance.
7. Human Anatomical Variations
Human anatomy has many variations, some slight and others more glaring. One idea for a research topic will be to explore these variations as they occur in response to their environments. Studies have shown that human variation occurs as an evolutionary response to environmental adaptation. This topic will make an argument for or against this claim or simply document the strength of this argument. It will incorporate aspects of population biology, human anatomy, human biology and ecology.
8. Bone Remodeling Process
Many people believed that the bone is static and inert, but this idea is incorrect, the organic and mineral components of the bone matrix are continually being recycled and renewed through a process called remodeling. This process goes under way throughout life, as part of normal bone maintenance. Bone remodeling plays a key factor between the activities of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. In the adult stage, osteocytes are continually removing a bone, bone matrix, electrical fields, osteoblasts, mineral, epiphyseal plates, adult, calcium salts, remodeling, osteoclasts, osteocytes, inert, skeleton, recycled, crystals, accessible, internal, recycling,
9. Posture: Anatomy, Good and Poor Posture, Ailments and Treatments
Discuss the anatomical aspects of posture, good and poor posture, causes of poor posture, ailments and treatments. Many aspects of the anatomy affect a person's posture which can easily turn from good into bad and painful. The spinal column provides the basis for good posture and naturally contains three curves which must be maintained. Muscles groups in the upper chest, back, trunk, lumbar region and in the lower extremities all contribute to the maintenance of good posture and when rehabilitation is required all muscle groups and their antagonists must be addressed. While poor posture seems natural to most people, proper posture must be a conscious effort applied on a daily basis which includes aspects in living space, work space and sleep environments. Many afflictions can be the result of poor posture such as migraine headaches, lower back pain, joint pain and nerve damage among others. Other than an awareness of good posture, many treatments are used for the rehabilitation of those patients who have severely bad posture which has resulted in an injury. Bibliography lists up to 9 sources.
10. Anatomy Of The Shoulder
A detailed look at the shoulder's anatomy, and some of the injuries that can occur from common activities such as throwing and general overextension. Techniques for treatment and care of the shoulder can be presented. Also useful to those studying sports & sports medicine. Bibliography lists up to 9 sources.
11. Lumbar Disc Problems
The vertebral column is composed of seven cervical, twelve thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral, and four coccygeal vertebrae. Between the vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions are invertebral discs that serve as shock absorbers that allow the everyday movements of the spine. Discs themselves are represented by naming both of their adjacent vertebral bodies (i.e. a lumbar disc is can be identified as L-4 L-5 or L-4,5). The discs are made up of an outer ring of more dense material called the annulus fibrosus. The annulus fibrosus helps to contain the inner gelatinous material called the nucleus pulposes. Upon a stressful movement of the spine, the nucleus pulposes may rupture through the annulus fibrosus posteriorly toward the spinal cord. Pressure upon the spinal cord, which is the origin of nerves throughout the body, can irritate the nerves exiting throug...
The lumbar region of the human spine is a location that is very susceptible to injury and trauma. A majority of the population experience back pain at some time during their life, and although in most cases the pain subsides after a time of rest, there is an enormous need for treatment of this malady. The various types of treatment for lumbar disc herniations include a more conservative method of rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory or non-steroidal drugs.
Read more: Topics for Anatomy Term Papers | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6810898_topics-anatomy-term-papers.html#ixzz1oqDOLM3G
Доц. д-р Стефан Сивков, дм
NB! All students should include the used articles in the references section at the end of the essay!
The prepared papers have to be send on the following e-address: