Supplementary Information
Table S-1. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Table S-2. Summary of probability distributions tested
References for supplementary information
Table S-1. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Study Title /Reason Not Included in Analysis
/ ReferenceEnvironmental Residues and Biomonitoring Estimates of Human Insecticide Exposure from Treated Residential Turf / reports only summary statistics / Bernard, Nuygen, Truong, and Krieger, 2001
Comparison of Sampling Methods for Determination of Pesticide Residue on Leaf Surfaces / reports only summary statistics / Bissell, Troiano, Marade, Graham, and del Valle, 1991
Dislodgeability of Chlorpyrifos and Fluoresecent Tracer Residues on Turf: Comparison of Wipe and Foliar Wash Sampling Techniques / reports only summary statistics / Black and Fenske, 1996
Potential Chlorpyrifos Exposure to Residents Following Standard Crack and Crevice Treatment / dislodgeable values are below limit of quantification / Byrne, Shurdut and Saunders, 1998
Characterizing residue transfer efficiencies using a fluorescent imaging technique / reports only summary statistics / Cohen Hubal, Suggs, Nishioka, and Ivanic, 2005
Potential Exposure and Health Risks of Infants following Indoor Residential Pesticide Applications / reports only summary statistics / Fenske, Black, Elkner, Lee, Methner, and Soto, 1990
Development of Dermal and Respiratory Sampling Procedures for Human Exposure to Pesticides in Indoor Environments / reports only summary statistics / Fenske, Curry, Wandelmaier, and Ritter, 1991
Incomplete Removal of the Pesticide Captan from Skin by Standard Handwash Exposure Assessment Procedures / data set for captan from glass (n=3) / Fenske, Schulter, Lu and Allen, 1998
Comparative Study of Five Transferable Turf Residue Methods / reports only summary statistics / Klonne, Cowell, Mueth, Eberhart, Rosenheck, Ross et al., 2001
Adult and Infant Abamectin Exposure Following Avert 310 and Pressurized Gel Crack and Crevice Treatment / reports only summary statistics / Krieger, Roesenheck, and Schuester, 1997
Human Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate Exposure Following Carpet Flea Treatment is not Associated with Significant Dermal Absorption / reports only summary statistics / Krieger, Dinoff and Peterson, 1996
Evaluation of Methods for Monitoring Potential Exposure of Small Children to Pesticides in the Residential Environment / transfer of pesticides in dust not residue / Lewis, Fortmann, and Camann, 1994
Table S-1 Continued. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Study Title /Reason Not Included in Analysis
/ ReferenceMovement and Deposition of Two Organophosphorous Pesticides within a Residence after Interior and Exterior Applications / data set for diazinon from carpet (n=4), data set for chlorpyrifos from carpet had problems with sample leakage (n=2) / Lewis, Fortune, Blanchard, and Camann, 2001
Dermal Transfer of Chlorpyrifos Residues from Residential Surfaces: Comparison of Hand Press, Hand Drag, Use and Polyurethane Foam Roller Measurements after Broadcast and Aerosol Pesticide Applications / reports only summary statistics / Lu and Fenske, 1999
Air and Surface Chlorpyrifos Residues following Residential Broadcast and Aerosol Pesticide Applications / reports only summary statistics / Lu and Fenske, 1998
Feasibility Study of the Potential for Human Exposure to Pet-Borne Diazinon Residues Following Lawn Applications / data set for diazinon from turf (n=4) / Morgan, Stout, and Wilson, 2001
Volatile and Dislodgeable Residues Following Trichlorfon and Isazofos Application to Turfgrass and Implications for Human Exposure / reports only summary statistics / Murphy, Copper, and Clark, 1996a
Volatile and Dislodgeable Residues Following Triadmefon and MCPP Application to Turfgrass and Implications for Human Exposure / does not report deposition data, only application rate / Murphy, Cooper, and Clark, 1996b
Simulation of Track-in of Lawn-Applied Pesticides from Turf to Home: Comparison of Dislodgeable Turf Residues with Carpet Dust and Carpet Residues / reports dislodgeable residues and application rate for pesticides from turf, but does not report deposition / Nishioka, Burkholder, Brinkman and Gordon, 1997
Pilot Study of a Cotton Glove Press Test for Assessing Exposure to Pesticides in House Dust / transfer of pesticide in dust, not residue / Roberts and Camann, 1989
Experimental methodologies and preliminary transfer factor data for estimation of dermal exposure to particles / transfer of dust not residue / Rodes, Newsome, Vanderpool, Antley, and Lewis, 2001
Determination of a Standardized Sampling Technique for Pesticide Transferable Turf Residues / reports only summary statistics / Rosenheck, Cowell, Mueth, Eberhart, Klonne, Norman et al., 2001
Table S-1 Continued. Identified transfer efficiency studies excluded in analysis.
Study Title /Reason Not Included in Analysis
/ ReferenceMeasuring Potential Dermal Transfer of Surface Pesticide Residue Generated from Indoor Fogger Use: An interim report / reports only summary statistics / Ross, Thongsinthusak, Fong, Margetich, and Krieger, 1990
Estimating Dermal Transfer from PCB-Contaminated Porous Surfaces / data set for PCBs from concrete (n=18) / Slayton, Valerg, and Watt, 1998
The Use of Unique Study Design to Estimate Exposure of Adults and Children to Surface and Airborne Chemicals / reports dislodgeable residues and application rate for chlorpyrifos from turf, but does not report deposition / Vaccaro, Nolan, Murphy, and Berbrich, 1996
Frictional Transition of Pesticides from Protective Clothing / reports data sets (n=3) for Metolachlor, Carbaryl and Atrazine / Yang and Li, 1993
Table S-2. Summary of probability distributions tested
Distribution
/ PDF / ParametersNormal
Quantities that are the sum of a large number of other quantities.Lognormal
Quantities involving the multiplication of many quantities with small error or variability / for x > 0Exponential
Time between successive, random and independent events / if x ≥ 0Gamma
Time to complete some task / if x > 0 / Use Table 6.20 in Law and Kelton (2000) to obtain as function of TWeibull
Time to complete some task / for x > 0Beta
Appropriate for variables bounded by 0 and 1. Used to represent judgments about uncertainty. / if 0 < x < 1 /Approximations for , based on , are from Table 6.21 in Law and Kelton (2000)
Uniform
Used to generate random numbers and when little data is available. / if a ≤ x ≤ b / ,
References
Bernard, C. E., H. Nuygen, D. Truong and R. I. Krieger. Environmental residues and biomonitoring estimates of human insecticide exposure from treated residential turf. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 41: 237-240.
Bissell, S., J. Troiano, J. Marade, E. Graham and M. Delvalle. Comparison of sampling methods for determination of pesticide residue on leaf surfaces. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1991; 46: 397-403.
Black, K. G. and R. A. Fenske. Dislodgeability of chlorpyrifos and fluorescent tracer residues on turf: Comparison of wipe and foliar wash sampling techniques. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1996; 31: 563-570.
Byrne, S. L., B. A. Bradley and D. G. Saunders. Potential Chlorpyrifos Exposure to Residents Following Standard Crack and Crevice Treatment. Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106: 725-731.
Fenske, R. A., K. G. Black, K. P. Elkner, C. L. Lee, M. M. Methner and R. Soto. Potential exposure and health risks of infants following indoor residential pesticide applications. Am J Public Health 1990; 80: 689-693.
Fenske, R. A., C. Schulter, C. Lu and E. H. Allen. Incomplete removal of the pesticide captan from skin by standard handwash exposure assessment procedures. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1998; 61: 194-201.
Fenske, RA, PB Curry, F. Wandelmaier and L. Ritter. Development of Dermal and Respiratory Sampling Procedures for Human Exposure to Pesticides in Indoor Environments. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 1991; 1: 11-30.
Hubal, E. A. C., J. C. Suggs, M. G. Nishioka and W. A. Ivancic. Characterizing residue transfer efficiencies using a fluorescent imaging technique. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 2005; 15: 261-270.
Klonne, D., J. Cowell, M. Mueth, D. Eberhart, L. Rosenheck, J. Ross and J. Worgan. Comparative study of five transferable turf residue methods. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 67: 771-779.
Krieger, R. I., C. E. Bernard, T. M. Dinoff, L. Fell, T. G. Osimitz, J. H. Ross and T. Thongsinthusak. Biomonitoring and whole body cotton dosimetry to estimate potential human dermal exposure to semivolatile chemicals J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 2000; 10: 50-57.
Krieger, R. I., T. M. Dinoff and J. Peterson. Human disodium octaborate tetrahydrate exposure following carpet flea treatment is not associated with significant dermal absorption. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 1996; 6: 279-288.
Lewis, R. G., R. C. Fortmann and D. E. Camann. Evaluation of methods for monitoring the potential exposure of small children to pesticides in the residential environment. Arch Environ Contam and Toxicol 1994; 26: 37-46.
Lewis, R. G., C. R. Fortune, F. T. Blanchard and D. E. Camann. Movement and deposition of two organophosphorus pesticides within a residence after interior and exterior applications. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 2001; 51: 339-351.
Lu, C. S. and R. A. Fenske. Dermal transfer of chlorpyrifos residues from residential surfaces: Comparison of hand press, hand drag, wipe, and polyurethane foam roller measurements after broadcast and aerosol pesticide applications Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107: 463-467.
Lu, C. S. and R. A. Fenske. Air and surface chlorpyrifos residues following residential broadcast and aerosol pesticide applications. Environ Sci Technol 1998; 32: 1386-1390.
Morgan, M. K., D. M. Stout and N. K. Wilson. Feasibility study of the potential for human exposure to pet-borne diazinon residues following lawn applications. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 66: 295-300.
Murphy, K. C., R. J. Cooper and J. M. Clark. Volatile and dislodgeable residues following trichlorfon and isazofos application to turfgrass and implications for human exposure. Crop Science 1996; 36: 1446-1454.
Murphy, K. C., R. J. Cooper and J. M. Clark. Volatile and dislodgeable residues following triadimefon and MCPP application to turfgrass and implications for human exposure. Crop Science 1996; 36: 1455-1461.
Nishioka, M. G., H. M. Burkholder, M. C. Brinkman, S. M. Gordon and R. G. Lewis. Simulation of Track-in of lawn-applied pesticides from turf to home: comparison of dsilodgeable turf residues from carpet dust and carpet surface residues. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1997.
Roberts, J. W. and D. E. Camann. Pilot study of a cotton glove press test for assessing exposure to pesticides in house dust. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1989; 43: 717-724.
Rodes, C. E., J. R. Newsome, R. W. Vanderpool, J. T. Antley and R. G. Lewis. Experimental methodologies and preliminary transfer factor data for estimation of dermal exposures to particles. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001; 11: 123-139.
Rosenheck, L., J. Cowell, M. Mueth, D. Eberhart, D. Klonne, C. Norman and J. Ross. Determination of a standardized sampling technique for pesticide transferable turf residues. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 67: 780-786.
Ross, J., T. Thongsinthusak, H. R. Fong, S. Margetich and R. Krieger. Measuring Potential Dermal Transfer Of Surface Pesticide Residue Generated From Indoor Fogger Use An Interim Report. Chemosphere 1990; 20: 349-360.
Slayton, T. M., P. A. Valberg and A. D. Wait. Estimating dermal transfer from PCB-contaminated porous surfaces. Chemosphere 1998; 36: 3003-3014.
Vaccaro, J. R., R. J. Nolan, P. G. Murphy and D. B. Berbrich. The Use of Unique Study Design to Estimate Exposure of Adults and Children to Surface and Airborne Chemicals. In Characterizing Sources of Indoor Air Pollution and Related Sink Effects (Tichenor, B.A., Ed.) ASTM STP 1287. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996, 166-183.
Yang, Y. Q. and S. Q. Li. Frictional transition of pesticides from protective clothing. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1993; 25: 279-284.
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