Name _______________________________________________ hr ____
Answer the following multiple choice questions using Ch 21, sections 21.14–21.19, & Ch 32 sections 32.6–32.8, 32.12–32.14. The questions go in order of the reading
1. All animals must obtain
a. essential nutrients.
b. organic raw materials to make the animal's own molecules.
c. fuel to power all body activities.
d. All of the choices are correct.
e. None of the choices are correct.
2. Which one of the following statements is false?
a. The average basal metabolic rate for humans is 1300-1800 kcal per day.
b. One dietary calorie is actually a kilocalorie.
c. Humans store some extra energy in the form of glycogen reserves in the pancreas and spleen.
d. Cells usually use carbohydrates and fats as fuel sources.
e. The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy a person needs just to stay alive. It does not include the energy needed for activities.
3. Which one of the following is not an essential nutrient?
a. minerals d. essential amino acids
b. vitamins e. essential fatty acids
c. water
4. Essential fatty acids are
a. those fatty acids that we are unable to synthesize and that must be included in our diet.
b. only required by several bird species.
c. the fatty acids that we can synthesize from simpler molecules.
d. required to synthesize most vitamins.
e. None of the choices are correct.
5. Vegetarians who rely upon a single type of plant food
a. are unable to produce sufficient quantities of bile.
b. may become protein deficient.
c. may become severely dehydrated.
d. run the risk of depleting their liver of glycogen.
e. More than one of the choices is correct.
6. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a vitamin?
a. Vitamins can be either fat or water soluble.
b. Vitamins are organic nutrients.
c. Vitamins can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes.
d. Vitamins are major sources of dietary calories.
e. Vitamins have catalytic functions.
7. Which of the following choices does not pair a mineral necessary in the diet with one of its major functions in the body?
a. Sodium – necessary for maintaining osmotic balance of cells
b. Phosphorus – component of ATP and the nucleic acids
c. Sulfur – component of certain amino acids
d. Iron – component of the nucleic acid backbone
e. Calcium – maintenance of the skeleton
8. A person on a fad diet experiences muscle cramps and weakness. After talking with the person about the unusual diet, a physician suspects that the person is most likely suffering from a deficiency of
a. calcium. d. iodine
b. table salt. e. zinc
c. iron.
9. Which of the following is an essential macronutrient for plants and is obtained directly from the atmosphere?
a. magnesium d. carbon
b. cobalt e. hydrogen
c. manganese
10. Micronutrients function in plants mainly as
a. catalysts.
b. components of microtubules.
c. joining elements in organic molecule carbon skeletons
d. regulators of membrane transport.
e. food reserves for pollen grains.
11. Which of the following is the set of plant macronutrients that make up about 98% of a plant's dry weight?
a. nitrogen, potassium, manganese, sulfur, copper, and phosphorus
b. carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and copper
c. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, zinc, and copper
d. carbon, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus
e. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
12. Which of the following is a correct identification of a plant nutrient deficiency?
a. Nitrogen-deficient plants show stunted growth and yellow-green leaves.
b. Potassium-deficient plants show more localized effects. Older leaves might turn yellow and develop dead, brownish tissue at the edges or in spots. Stems and roots are also weakened, leading to stunting.
c. Phosphorus-deficient plants have reduced growth. New growth is often spindly and brittle. Some have a purplish color on the undersides of the leaves.
d. All of the choices are correct identifications of a plant nutrient deficiency.
e. None of the choices are correct identifications of a plant nutrient deficiency.
13. Which one of the following is usually not found in fertile topsoil?
a. granite
b. earthworms, roundworms, and burrowing insects
c. large numbers of bacteria, protozoans, and fungi
d. rock particles of various sizes; sands and clay
e. humus
14. If you examine the soil profile revealed by a fresh road cut through a grassy rise, which of the following features will you probably find in the B horizon?
a. a predominance of slightly weathered rock and gravel
b. an abundance of decomposing organic material
c. an abundance of worms and burrowing insects
d. an abundance of fine clay but not much organic material
e. None of the choices are correct.
15. Which of the following essential nutrients is most likely to leach from the soil?
a. H+ d. Mg+2
b. Ca+2 e. K+
c. NO3-
16. On a trip to the Southwest, you and a friend collect some pine seeds. Your friend also gathers a small bagful of dirt from under the tree. Back home, both of you plant your seeds in commercial sterilized potting soil, but your friend adds a spoonful of the collected dirt to each of her pots. Her seedlings do better than yours. Which of the following is the likeliest reason?
a. The dirt from the Southwest probably contained eggs of worms and other soil animals.
b. The dirt from the Southwest probably contained micronutrients missing from the potting mix.
c. Pine seedlings like the sandy soil of the Southwest better than commercial potting mix.
d. The dirt from the Southwest probably contained fungi able to establish a micorrhizal association with the seedlings' roots.
e. The dirt from the Southwest probably contained nitrogen-fixing bacteria that colonized the seedlings' root nodules.
17. The relationship between a plant and mycorrhizal fungi is best described as
a. competitive. d. commensal
b. neutral. e. parasitic
c. mutualistic.
18. Which one of the following statements about mycorrhizae is false?
a. The fungus benefits by receiving a steady supply of sugar from the host plant.
b. The fungus increases the surface area for water uptake.
c. The fungus secretes antibiotics that protect the plant from pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the soil.
d. The fungus selectively absorbs phosphate & other minerals from the soil & supplies these to the plant.
e. The fungus secretes growth factors that stimulate leaf growth.
19. Most plants can absorb and use which of the following forms of nitrogen directly?
a. ammonium and nitrogen gas
b. nitrite and nitrate
c. ammonium only
d. nitrate and ammonium
e. nitrate only
20. Nitrogen fixation consists of
a. the conversion of ammonia to nitrate.
b. the conversion of N2 to ammonia or nitrate.
c. the production of ammonium from decomposing organic matter.
d. the conversion of N2 to ammonia.
e. the conversion of nitrate to ammonia.
21. Legumes, such as beans or peas
a. form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
b. fix N2 from the atmosphere in their leaves.
c. form mycorrhizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil.
d. are parasitic on other photosynthetic plants.
e. are poor sources of nitrogen because they are unable to fix N2 on their own.
22. Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. Which of the following is not a benefit of such rotation?
a. Soil erosion is reduced.
b. Aeration and water-holding capacity of the soil is improved.
c. Nitrogen is added to the soil by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
d. Larger acreage of the primary crop can be harvested each year.
e. All of the choices are benefits of crop rotation.