Bio 115, Marine Biology
Study Guide for Exam 2
Vocabulary words and Groups you must know:
Taxonomy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, species
Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
Benthic vs. pelagic
Planktonic vs. nektonic
Suspension feeder vs. deposit feeder
Heterotrophic vs. autotrophic
Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic
Protista
Protozoa
Zooplankton
Zooxanthellae
Radiolarians and Foraminiferans
Pseudopods
Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta
Plantae
Sea grasses, salt marshes and mangroves
Vertebrates vs. invertebrates
Know the similarities and differences between the following groups (some key characteristics of each phyla are included here, but not all of them…see text and notes):
Porifera
sponges
3 types of structural components or spicules (spongin, calcareous and silica)
know basic structure (incurrent pores, osculum,
amoebocytes and collar cells)
filter feeders, no digestive cavity
Cnidaria
Corals, jellyfish, anemones, hydra
polyp and medusa
stinging cells = cnidocytes
predators, GV cavity
Ctenophora
Comb jellies
8 combs of fused cilia=ctenes
gelatinous
adhesive cells to capture prey
predatory, GV cavity
Nematoda
round worms, no segments
thick cuticle
most are parasites
Platyhelminthes
flatworms, no segments
specialized sensory structures in head region
parasites, scavengers & predators, GV cavity
Nemertea
also flat but much longer, no segments
eversible harpoon/lasso
predators
Sipuncula
peanut worms
eversible “introvert”, deposit feeders
Mollusca
radula, gill, foot, mantle
class Gastropoda
snails, seahares, slugs, nudibranchs, tube snails
herbivores, carnivores etc.
class Bivalvia
clams, mussels
mantle fused for siphon, no radula
suspension feeders
class Polyplacophora
chitons, 8 plates
most herbivores
class Cephalopoda
squids, octopus
largest brain, eye
predators
Annelida
segmented, repeating organs, specialized head
region, very diverse
class Polychaeta
parapodia
tube = suspension feeders, featherdusters
non-tube dwelling = carnivore
some in U-shaped burrows
Arthropoda
segmented organisms with jointed appendages
and a chitonous exoskeleton
subphylum Crustacea
2 pr. antennae, appendages with 7 segments
diverse, include crabs, lobster, barnacles,
shrimp, isopods, amphipods
very abundant
Lophophorates: with lophophore for suspension feeding
Bryozoa
encrusting or branching
Brachiopoda
bivalve shell
Echinodermata
spiny skin, pentamerous radial symmetry, water vascular system, pluteus larva
class Asteroidea
sea stars evert stomach, predators
class Ophiuroidea
brittle stars deposit and suspension feeders
class Echinoidea
sea urchins and sand dollars
herbivores, scavengers and deposit feeders
class Holothuroidea
sea cucumbers
suspension and deposit feeders
class Crinoidea
Sea pansies and feather stars
Chordata
gill slits, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, post anal
tail
subphylum Urochordata: sea squirts, salps,
larvaceans, suspension feeders
subphylum Cephalochordata: lancelets
Possible Essay Questions:
There will be no essay questions on this exam. Be prepared for numerous multiple choice, matching and true/false questions. You'll need to know the basic characteristics and members of the groups discussed in class.
Exam Necessities:
Pencil, eraser, Scantron 882, rested and prepared minds
Good luck and study hard.