Name: Date: Period: Life Science

Final Exam Study Guide for Cells and Heredity

Vocabulary:

Cell / Cell Wall / Osmosis / Trait / Gene
Cell Theory / Cell membrane / Active Transport / Purebred / DNA
Hypothesis / Nucleus / Diffusion / Hybrid / Mutation
Independent variable / Organelle / Enzyme / Homozygous / Evolution
Dependent variable / Ribosome / Photosynthesis / Heterozygous / Natural Selection
Inference / Chloroplast / Autotroph / Genotype / Adaptation
Biotic (living) / Mitochondria / Hetertroph / Phenotype / Homologous structure
Abiotic(non-living) / Unicellular / Chlorophyll / Acquired trait / Fossil
Qualitative Observation / Quantitative Observation / Multicellular / Cellular Respiration / Inherited trait

General Questions:

Ch 1:

1-  Compare a plant and an animal cell. What are two cell parts that a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn’t. What is the function of these parts and why are they necessary to the plant cells survival? Why don’t animal cells need these cell parts?

2-  According to the cell theory, why is a stuffed animal not considered a living thing? Give three reasons to support your answer and explain.

Ch 2:

3-  If the chloroplasts in a plant were to stop working what short term effect would this have on the plant? What long term effect would this have on the plant? Explain and give evidence to support your answer.

4-  Suppose a volcano threw so much ash into the air that it blocked out much of the sunlight. How might this event affect the abilities of animals to obtain energy to live?

Ch 3:

5-  In their lifetime, two guinea pigs, they produced 40 white pups and 40 black pups. On a separate paper, make a Punnett square and find the likely genotypes of these parents. Explain the process of how you got this answer.

Ch 4:

6-  These letters represent one half of the nitrogen bases on a strand of DNA: GGCTATCCA. What letters would form the other strand of the helix? Explain your reasoning.

7-  A scientist has a sample of DNA which has 15% Thymine and 35% Cytosine. What are the percentages of Adenine and Guanine which would be in the DNA? Explain your reasoning.

Ch 5:

8-  Colorblindness is a recessive trait. Mary and her mother are both colorblind; is Mary’s father colorblind? How do you know?

9-  A man has sickle cell disease; his wife does not have sickle cell disease but is heterozygous for the sickle cell trait. Use the parent’s information to fill in the Punnett square. What is the probability that their child will have sickle cell disease? B= dominant, b= recessive

Ch 6:

10-  Insects and birds both have wings. What kinds of evidence might show whether or not insects and birds are closely related?

11-  What is one factor that affects natural selection? Give an example.

This outline is a guide to review the material we covered in our Cells & Heredity textbook. It is suggested that you use the lesson review pages (listed at the end of each chapter) to review the main ideas.

Book 1: Cells & Heredity

Ch 1: Introduction to Cells

1.  Discovering Cells: p 4-10 (cell, microscope, cell theory)

2.  Looking Inside Cells: p 12-19 (cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, organelle, ribosome, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, unicellular, multicellular, tissue, organ, organ system)

3.  Chemical Compounds in Cells: p 22-26 (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, enzyme, nucleic acid, DNA, double helix)

4.  The Cell in its Environment: p 28-33 (passive transport, diffusion, osmosis, active transport)

Ch 2: Cell Processes & Energy

1.  Photosynthesis: p 44-46 (photosynthesis, autotroph, heterotroph, chlorophyll)

2.  Cellular Respiration: p 50-55

Ch 3: Genetics: The Science of Heredity

1.  What is Heredity: p 74-79 (heredity, trait, fertilization, genetics, purebred, gene, allele, dominant, recessive, hybrid)

2.  Probability & Heredity: p 80-85 (probability, Punnett square, phenotype, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous)

3.  Chromosomes & Inheritance: p 92-93

Ch 4: DNA: The Code of Life

1.  The Genetic Code: p 108-110 (nitrogen bases, DNA replication)

Ch 6: Change Over Time

1.  Darwin’s Theory: p 166-175 (species, fossil, adaptation, evolution, scientific theory, natural selection, variation)

2.  Evidence of Evolution: p 176-179 (homologous structures)

3.  Rate of Change: p 180-183

Scientific Method:

1.  Experimental Design: (variable, experimental group, control group, independent variable and dependent variable)

2.  Scientific Investigation: (quantitative observation, qualitative observation. Inference, hypothesis)

3.  Tools of Science: (microscope- parts and magnification, graduated cylinder-reading and measuring)