NAME________________________
Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny (1818-1853) Section 2 Independence for Texas
Conflict Over Texas
• Conflict began in ________________
• Louisiana Purchase- Americans claimed land in present day ________________
• ________________ protested
• In the Adams-Onis Treaty the US agreed to drop its claim to this region
Land Grants
• Few people lived in ________________
• Most were ________________ (Mexicans living in Texas)
• Native Americans (Comanches, Apaches, and Kiowas) also lived in this area
• The Spanish offered large amounts of land to people who agreed to bring families to ________________ there
• The people who received this land and recruited the settlers were called empresarios
More Land Grants
• American Moses ________________ received the first land grant in 1821
• Moses Austin died before he could establish his colony
• ________________ won its independence from Spain in 1821
• Austin’s son, ____________ F. Austin, received permission from the Mexican government to organize a colony
• ________________ American families settled in Texas
• From 1823-1825 Mexico sold land at extremely ________________ costs
• In return settlers agreed to learn Spanish, become Mexican citizens, convert to Catholicism, and obey Mexican law
• Most settlers came from the ________________
Growing Tension
• By 1830- There were more ________________ in Texas than ________________
• Plus they did ________________ adopt Mexican ways
• The US had twice offered to ________________ Texas from Mexico
• The Mexican government became alarmed at the American influence and passed a decree that stopped all immigration from the US
• Trade between Texas and the US were discouraged by placing a __________ on goods imported from the US
• These policies angered Texans who depended on US trade and also had friends and relatives who wanted to come to Texas
• Slave holders in Texas were also upset at the Mexican governments plan to end ________________
Attempt at Reconciliation
• 1833- General Antonio Lopez de ________________________________ became the president of Mexico
• Stephen F. Austin traveled to Mexico City with the Texans’ demands to remove the ban on American settlers
• Also to make Texas a separate ________________ of Mexico
• Santa Anna agreed to remove the ban on American settlers, but not on the ________________ request
• Austin sent a letter to Texas suggesting plans for ________________ get underway
• The letter was intercepted and Austin was ________________
Attempt at Reconciliation Continued
• Austin was in ________________
• Santa Anna named himself ________________ and overthrew Mexico’s constitution in 1824
• Santa Anna placed Texas under greater control
• The Texans’ lost all ________________
• Austin was released from prison and saw that dealing with Santa Anna was ________________
• He knew ________________ was inevitable
The Struggle for Independence
• 1835- unrest among Texans sometime resulted in fighting
• Santa Anna sent an army to ________________ the rebels
• In October- Some Mexican troops tried to seize a ________________ held by the Texans in Gonzales
• The Texans taunted them with a white flag that said “Come and ________________ It”
• After a brief battle, the Mexicans were driven back
• Texans considered this the ________________ fight of the Texas Revolution
• Volunteers joined (including Tejanos and African Americans)
• December 1835- Texans freed San Antonio from a larger Mexican force
The Battle of the Alamo
• Santa Anna was furious and marched north to San Antonio in February 1836
• The Texans were barricaded inside a nearby mission called the ________________
• The Texans had cannons, but little ________________
• The Texans had only about ________________ soldiers
• Santa Anna’s army had several ________________
• The Texans had brave leaders like Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie
More of the Battle of the Alamo
• The Texan commander was 26 year old William B. ________________
• Travis was determined to hold his position at the Alamo
• Travis sent messages asking for ________________ from Texans and from the US
• For 12 days, The Alamo defenders kept Santa Anna at bay with ________________ fire
• March 6, 1836- Mexican ________________ fire smashed the Alamo’s walls
• The Mexicans entered the Alamo killing ________________ the defenders
• Only a few women and children and some servants survived
• The defenders killed hundreds of Mexicans, but more importantly bought Texans some much needed _________
During the Alamo
• Texan leaders were writing a new ________________
• March 2nd, 1836- American settlers and Tejanos declared ________________
• The Republic of ________________ was established
• Texans could not vote because of Mexican occupation, so Texas leaders set up a temporary ________________
• Sam ________________ was named commander in chief
Goliad
• Houston ordered troops at Goliad to ________________ their position
• Before they could leave they were met by Mexican troops and had a ________________
• Several hundred Texans ________________
• Santa Anna ordered them all ________________
• The Texans called it the “Goliad ________________”
The Battle of San Jacinto
• Houston gathered an army of about ________________ at San Jacinto (Near present day Houston)
• Nearby was Santa Anna with more than ________________
• April 21- Texans launched a ________________ attack yelling
• “Remember the ________________! Remember ________________”
• They killed more than 600 and captured more than 700 more (including ________________)
• May 14, 1836- Santa Anna signed a ________________that recognized the independence of Texas
The Lone Star Republic
• September 1836- Sam Houston was elected ________________ of Texas
• Houston sent delegates to Washington D.C., asking the US to ________________ Texas
• Andrew Jackson ________________ the request… why?
• Another ________________ state would upset the balance of slave states and free states in Congress
• Texas would remain an independent country… for now
Continued Difficulties
• Texas still had problems with ________________
• Also had ________________
• Many wanted to join the US
• ________________ favored Texas annexation, ________________ opposed it
• The ________________issue kept Texas from joining the US
1844 Election
• 1844 presidential campaign changed the situation
• Manifest Destiny was a popular idea at the time
• When ________________ became president, Congress passed a resolution to annex Texas
• Texas joined the ________________ in 1845
Essential Question
Why did Texans fight for their independence from Mexico?
-Americans in Texas were upset about the actions of the ___________________ government, including limitations placed on _____________ from the US -Taxation on US imports, which discouraged trade and hurt Texans’ livelihoods -Plans to end _________