PR2
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY 1
FOR UPDATED EXAM
TEST 1
pgs. 8, 9 The changing role of librarians
shifting = move e.g. “The sun shifts in the sky.”
incorporate (v) = to include e.g. “ The book incorporates grammar exercises.”
to facilitate = to make it possible/ easy to do sth e.g. “The dictionary facilitates me to look up unknown words.”
to hasten = to quicken, to hurry up e.g. “ The factory hastened production of the new car.”
to accumulate (v) = to gather e.g. “He’s still accumulating vinyl records.”
expedient (adj.)= quick, easy
pg. 10 why climb mountain?
alien = foreign, a foreigner, a stranger
pg. 11 Rafflesia
discernible (adj.) = visible, can be seen – to discern (v) syn. to distinguish
to spurt = to come out with force, to push out e.g. “oil spurted out of the earth…”
pollinator= the insect that pollinates a plant
pg. 14, 15
lucid = clear
compendium= a collection, complication of
reflections = thoughts
soothing = having a calming effect on
to ravish = to snatch/seize and take away by force
sensuous = satisfying, appealing to the senses
humblest = lowest
entity = existence
boundaries = limits, barriers
to transgress = to exceed, to overstep a limit
infinite = endless, limitless
contentious = marked by heated argument or controversy
inevitably = unavoidably
courtesy = kindness
decorum = social behavior
anguish = agony
premise = logic, rationale
vogue = abstract, general
to involve = to call upon a person/God for help
pg. 16, 17 – Cooling the Earth
to curb = to control
to advocate = to support
to implement = to put into practice
to counteract = to confront, to face
to deflect = to change the direction of
stringent = very strict
approach = methods
implausible = unconvincing
feasible = doable, can be done
imperceptible = unnoticed
to thwart = to stop, to prevent
to minimise = to reduce
to launch = to start e.g. to launch a campaign
stationary = motionless
pg. 18, 19 Sara Carter chooses six young people……..
Undaunted = not terrified, unstoppable
to thrive = to do very well
to leap = to jump
to disregard = to ignore
adverse = very bad
milestone = an important event in a person’s life
feline = resembling a cat, catlike
out on a limb = facing difficulties, having trouble
output = production
witty = clever
to pay off = to bring results
be entitled to = to have the right to
to take it to heart = to take sth seriously
to acclaim = to praise, to recognize, to acknowledge the importance of
to delve into = to dive/ probe into
TEST 2
pgs. 28, 29 Scientists and communication
infectious = contagious e.g. a disease
intrinsic = esoteric, inherent
pg. 30 Film Music
instantly = immediately
to trigger = to cause sth to happen
pg. 31 – Extreme weather
illustrated (of a book, magazine) = decorated with colorful pictures
be alarmed about = be worried about
to demonstrate = to show
magnitude = the extent of sth, the size of
pg. 34 – Young people and Technology
to grate (v) with sb= to irritate, to annoy – to grate on one’s nerves
adamantly = firmly
be adept at = be skilful at, be dexterous
hurdles = obstacles, barriers
to mediate = to act as a go-between
to leverage = to have a financial advantage
pgs. 34, 35
to take exception = to disagree with
to underpin = to support, to confirm, to corroborate
to gain insight(s) into = to achieve a better understanding of
subtle = delicate
to appalled = to be terrified
to abhor = to hate, to loathe, to resent, to dislike
be pertinent to = belonging to
to shift = to move, to change
predecessor = a former/previous occupant of a post
by and large = generally speaking
concept of = idea of, notion of
to debunk a myth = to reveal the truth behind sth
to sidestep = to avoid, to dodge sth
to tread = to walk heavily upon
to seek to do sth = to try/ want to do sth
to account for = to explain why
to question = to doubt
to value = to appreciate
pgs 36, 37 – An animated Life
to manipulate = to handle
sheepish = shy, embarrassed
grin (v, n) = a smile, to smile
to shrug = to lift one’s shoulders
wheezy= humorous, laughable
recoil = to step back
to blink = to open and close one’s eyes quickly
knack of = ability to, talent, skill
to engender = to bear, to make, to produce
to outstay one’s welcome = to take advantage of
livelihood = one’s income/sb’s hospitality
on and off = from time to time
laborious = tiring
blithely = without care
stocky = solidly – built heavy + compact
a warren = a maze (labyrinth of)
precarious = uncertain
to keep/ hold sth at bay = to keep at a distance
recession = Economic Crisis, Depression
to know (of) no bounds = to know (of) no limits
to muster = to gather, to collect
prodigious = huge, colossal, gigantic, enormous
to see a job through = to get it done/finished
pgs. 38, 39 – Issues arising out of …….
statutory = lawfully, according to the law
relentless = unstoppable, ceaseless, inexorable
to impact on = to have an effect on
incentive = good reason to do sth, a motive
high fliers = young people who want quick success
workload = the amount of work one has to do
the apex of = the top of, crest of, peak of
to fuse = to mix, to blend, to melt together
bedrock = the basis or foundation of
to evaporate = to disappear into thin air ………
imperative = that, which must be done, compulsory, mandatory
entrepreneurs = businessmen who take risks
forerunner = a predecessor, an ancestor, a forebear, a precursor
lucrative = profitable
to address a problem = to deal with
staggering = shocking
maternity leave = absence from work due to child birth
to juggle = to manage or to handle many tasks at once
a raft of = a large but unspecified number of
to deliver = to set free
PRACTICE TEST 3
pgs. 48-49 – Nothing is impossible
to revamp = to improve, to renew, to renovate
rein = a leather strap that controls a horse
tedious = tiresome, tiring
murky = dark
pg. 50 – Neologisms
to sparkle = to shine (briefly)
to fade away = to disappear
to augment = to increase
to distress sb = to upset, to trouble
to attest to = to supply evidence for, to confirm to be true, to certify
to have an aversion to = to be allergic to (fig.), to dislike
to creep into = to slowly slip into
to denote = to indicate
embedded = planted in, buried in
to generate = to produce, to bear
pg. 51 – Looking ahead
palatable = tolerable, acceptable, tasty
pgs. 54, 55 – Why libraries………
enduring = long – lasting
obsolete = old-fashioned
to avail oneself of sth = to make use of
to sink or swim = to die or survive
to garner = to gather
dismay = fear
a novice = a learner
to dismiss sth as = to reject
to praise = to speak highly of
outdated = old – fashioned
contempt = a feeling of one’s superiority to others, looking down on others
pgs. 56-57 – A wet and wonderful ride
be renowned = be famous
to derive from = to come from, to originate from
imminent = ready to happen
drizzle = light rain
to don = to wear, to put on
tributary = a small river flowing next to the main river
tranquil = quiet
raging = angry (fig.)
buddies = friends
becoming acquainted with = getting to know sth
to glide = to slip + slide
portage = carrying a boat overland
ravine = a valley, gorge worn by running water
summit = top of, crest, peak of
boulder = a large piece of stone
serenity = calmness
to be above par = be above normal
bumpy = having ups and downs, uneven, not flat
cascade = a waterfall
to scramble about = to move hurriedly to a location
assault (v, n) = attack
stretch (n) = distance covered
deflate (v) = catch one’s breath, rest for a while
to brief sb = to inform sb on an issue
to traverse = to cross
to bounce off = to change direction after hitting an obstacle
to tumble = to fall from
logs = pieces of woods
roused = awaked by
pgs. 58, 59 – Is ballet the new gym?
remedial = aiming at curing sth
the outcome of = the result of
indulgence in = doing too much of sth that gives pleasure
smugness = feeling comfortable
fad = a passing fashion
not in the first flush of youth = getting older
stamina = strength, physical endurance
suppleness = flexibility, elasticity
persistent = continuous
podgy = shightly fat
to highlight = to emphasize
nuances = subleties, fine details, major distinctions
the intellect = to mind
agility = mobility, ability to move
despondently = desperately
overcast sky = cloudy, covered with clouds
to burrow = to dig a tunnel or a hole
regime = a system, a form of government
Practice test 4
pages 68-69
internal = a space in between ( of time )
merge (v)= two cos merge (unite) to form one co
to integrate = to become part of a whole
to bill = to cut, to chop, to hack
to snatch = to seize, to grab
to capture = to take as prisoner
to suspend = to impose punishment on
to repulse = to repel, to push back
to transfix = to paralyze with fear, to pierce with a sharp-pointed weapon
deadly = causing death
page 70 – Altering the modern mind
to argue that = to claim, support the theory / idea that
multiplicity = big number of
stimuli = environmental influences
be distracted = be unable to concentrate
to conclude = to reach the / a conclusion that
superficial = not deep, on the surface
page 71- Windfarms
to hail = to praise, to acknowledge the importance of
to condemn = to sentence, to pass sentence on (fig ) to leave sby with no choice
to pale = be inferior to
potentially = possibly, probably
pages 74-75 – Less is more
serene(adj) = calm, peaceful, quiet
pastoral = relating to rural / country life
to convey = to pass on, to express
obscure = unclear
to puzzle = to confuse
to cast away = to throw away
descendants = coming from a biological ancestor
to extol = to praise
uncluttered living = simple way of living, without possessions
to tie sb down = to restrict, to limit, to confine
inanimate = lifeless
to fuel = to strengthen, to reinforce
innumerable = countless
pastime = enjoyment, entertainment
to outstrip = to outnumber, to be more than
to crush = to break sth into pieces
inextricably = inseparately
imposture = deception, illusion
commodities = products
demise = the death of
versatile = having multiple uses
covetable = sth much wanted or desired
ostensible = apparent
negligible = insignificant, unimportant
enticement = attraction
to lure of = the attraction, appeal of
to counsel = to advise
ruthless = showing no mercy – merciless
to illustrate = to explain clearly
to portray = to depict, to show
unease = not feeling comfortable
acquisitive = wanting to acquire more and more
to ease one’s consience = not to feel guilty about
to indulge in = to give in to pleasure
pages 76-77 psychology…
sceptics = doubters, people who doubt smt
to denounce = to publicly criticize, reject
discipline = science ( branch of )
to address sby = to speak to
questionable = uncertain, doubtful
to incorporate = to include
fodder = food for animals
to yield insight into = to help sb understand smt
preconceptions = fixed ideas about smt
to masquerade = to camouflage, to disquise
testimony = evidence
to disseminate info = to spread, to publicize
dubious = unclear, general, abstract, non-specific
delegates = representatives
to deem = to believe, to think ( when expressing opinions )
rigour = strength, power, force
to flood ( fig ) = to make full of, to fill with
hearsay = rumors
mere = simple
pages 78-79 poetry
conventions = laws or rules accepted by society
instantly = immediately
integrity = honesty
austere = simple
to trace = to find
to hover = to fly low
telly = television
to stroll = to take a walk, go for a walk
unmolested = unbothered, untroubled
reticence = silence
to belie = to show sth to be false
amulet = an object that is supposed to protect people from evil
to reckon = to suppose
inkling = idea
similes = comparisons
rigorous = strict
cerebral = intellectual
precipitous = steep (of a cliff)
be laden with = be loaded with
facet = aspect of