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Planet Debate 2011
September/October L-D Release – Animal Rights
**AFFIRMATIVE ARGUMENTS** 9
**Animal Rights Not Respected Now** 10
Federal Government Violates Animal Rights 11
Animal Exploitation & Confinement Extensive Now 12
Species Barrier Blocks Recognition of Animal Rights Now 13
Species Barrier Blocks Recognition of Animal Rights Now 14
Characterization of Animals as “Property” Blocks Recognition of Rights 15
Characterization of Animals as “Property” Blocks Recognition of Rights 16
Courts Refuse to Extend Recognition of Rights to Animals 18
Court Refusal to Extend Rights Irrational and Arbitrary 19
**Failure to Recognize Animal Rights Harmful** 20
All Sentient Beings Should be Accorded Consideration in Moral Frameworks 21
All Sentient Beings Should be Accorded Consideration in Moral Frameworks 22
All Sentient Beings Should be Accorded Consideration in Moral Frameworks 23
Non-Human Animals Should Be Accorded Equal Consideration in Moral Frameworks 24
Infliction of Pain & Suffering on Animals Immoral 25
Adherence to Species Barrier Entrenches Speciesism 26
Speciesism Immoral – Akin to Racism and Sexism 27
Speciesism Immoral – Akin to Racism and Sexism 28
Speciesism Immoral – Akin to Racism and Sexism 29
Confinement of Animals in Zoos/Circuses Immoral 30
Failure to Recognize Animal Rights Violates Justice 31
Viewing Animals as Property Negatively Impacts How People Treat Each Other 32
Viewing Animals as Property Negatively Impacts How People Treat Each Other 33
**Should Recognize Rights for Animals** 34
Moral Framework Should be Extended to Animals 35
Moral Framework Should be Extended to Animals 36
Moral Framework Should be Extended to Animals 37
Cruelty Towards and the Infliction of Suffering Upon Animals Must be Rejected 38
Respect for Animals Rights is a Deontological Moral Consideration 39
Respect for Animals Rights is a Deontological Moral Consideration 40
Animal Rights Justified by Bentham 41
Consequentialism Bad 42
Consequentialism Bad 43
Respect for Animal Rights Key to Avoiding Treating Them as a Means to an End 44
Respect for Animal Rights Justified in Consequentialist Framework 45
Respect for Animal Rights Justified by Precautionary Principle 46
Duty Toward Animals in Captivity Different from Those in the Wild 47
Justifications for Rigid Species Barrier Wrong 48
Justifications for Rigid Species Barrier Wrong 49
Ethical Justifications Against Animal Rights Wrong and Outdated 50
Ethical Justifications Against Animal Rights Wrong and Outdated 51
Ethical Justifications Against Animal Rights Wrong and Outdated 52
Descartes Indicts 53
Cohen Indicts 54
Posner Indicts 55
Posner Indicts 56
Should Extend Legal Personhood to Animals 57
Should Recognize Animal Rights 58
Should Recognize Animal Rights 59
Should Reject Property Status of Animals 60
Should Reject Property Status of Animals 61
Incremental Extension of Rights Key to Solve Speciesism 62
Should Reject Property Status of Animals 63
Respect for Animal Rights Challenges Biopower 64
AT: “Can Achieve Justice Short of Recognition of Rights” 65
AT: “Focus on Animal Welfare Enough—Don’t Need Rights” 66
AT: “Focus on Animal Welfare Enough—Don’t Need Rights” 67
AT: “Focus on Animal Welfare Enough—Don’t Need Rights” 68
**Answer To: Animals Do Not Deserve Rights** 70
AT: “Differences Between Humans and Animals Justify Restricting Animal Rights” 71
AT: “Differences Between Humans and Animals Justify Restricting Animal Rights” 72
AT: “Animals Lack Rationality” 74
AT: “Animals Lack Rationality” 75
AT: “Animals Lack Intelligence & Self Awareness” 76
AT: “Animals Lack Rationality” 77
AT: “Animals Lack Capacity for Moral Reasoning” 79
AT: “Animals Lack Capacity for Moral Reasoning” 80
AT: “Humans Possess Intrinsic Value that Distinguish Them From Animals” 81
AT: “All Humans Have Potential for Autonomy and Reasoning” 82
AT: “All Humans Have Potential for Autonomy and Reasoning” 83
AT: “Animals Do Not Have Souls” 84
AT: “Rights Require Capacity to Enter into Contracts” 85
AT: “Animals Can’t Demand Their Own Rights” 86
AT: “Animals Lack Level of Sentience Sufficient for Ethical Concern” 87
AT: “Animals Lack Empathy” 88
**Answer To: Problems with Recognizing Animal Rights** 89
Animal Rights Can Be Recognized in Pragmatic Manner 90
Slavery Abolition Proves Obstacles to Animal Liberation can be Overcome 91
Representations Key 92
AT: “If You Don’t Solve All Animal Exploitation There’s No Advantage” 93
AT: “Animal Rights Threatens Interests of Humans” 94
AT: “Animal Rights Threatens Interests of Humans” 95
AT: “Animal Rights Dilute Human Rights” 96
AT: “Animal Rights Dilute Human Rights” 97
AT: “Recognizing Rights Results Absurd Results” 98
AT: “Recognizing Rights Results Absurd Results” 99
AT: “Rights Talk Bad – No Trivialization” 100
AT: “Rights Talk Bad – No Trivialization” 101
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Rights Talk Good for Animals 102
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Rights Talk Good for Animals 103
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Rights Talk Good for Animals 104
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Solves Rights Kritiks 105
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Solves Rights Kritiks 106
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Animal Rights Talk Increases Meaning of Rights 107
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” - Permutation 108
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” - Permutation 109
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” - Permutation 110
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Alternatives Bad 111
AT: “Rights Talk Bad” – Alternatives Bad 112
AT: “CLS Kritik of Rights” – Animal Rights Solve the K 113
AT: “CLS Kritik of Rights” – Animal Rights Solve the K 114
AT: “CLS Kritik of Rights” – Indeterminacy Good 115
AT: “CLS Kritik of Rights” – Indeterminacy Good 116
AT: “CLS Kritik of Rights” – General 117
AT: “Feminist Kritik of Rights” 118
AT: “Feminist Kritik of Rights” 119
AT: “Feminist Kritik of Rights” 119
AT: “Feminist Kritik of Rights” 121
AT: Feminist Kritik of Rights 122
AT: “Human Suffering Higher Priority” 123
AT: “Animal Rights Prop up Capitalism” 124
AT: “Animal Rights Prop up Capitalism” 125
AT: “Animal Rights Prop up Capitalism” 126
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research” 127
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research” 128
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research” 129
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research” 130
AT: “Animal Rights Trade Off With Necessary Biomedical Research” 131
AT: “Animal Testing Necessary” 132
AT: “Animal Testing Necessary” 133
AT: “Animal Rights Justifies Naziism” 134
AT: “Animal Rights Counterproductive for Animals – Undermines Movements/Advocacy” 135
AT: “Animal Rights Counterproductive for Animals – Undermines Movements/Advocacy” 136
AT: “Animal Rights Counterproductive for Animals – Undermines Movements/Advocacy” 137
AT: “Animal Rights Counterproductive for Animals- Trades Off With Species Protection” 138
AT: “Animal Rights Counterproductive for Animals- Trades Off With Species Protection” 139
AT: “Animal Rights Counterproductive for Animals- Trades Off With Species Protection” 140
AT: “Zoos Key to Species Protection” 141
AT: “Zoos Key to Species Protection” 142
AT: “Zoos Key to Research for Animal Welfare” 143
AT: “Zoos Key to Research for Animal Welfare” 145
AT: “Kritik of the Term ‘Animal’” 146
**Great Apes Project Aff** 147
Great Apes Denied Basic Liberty Rights Now 148
Exploitation of Great Apes Constitutes Genocide 149
Confinement for Great Apes Harmful 150
Confinement for Great Apes Harmful 151
Confinement for Great Apes Harmful 152
Zoo Confinement for Great Apes Immoral 153
Zoo Confinement for Great Apes Immoral 154
Failure to Extend Liberty Rights to Great Apes Threatens Future Existence 155
Denial of Basic Liberty Rights for Great Apes Immoral 156
Denial of Basic Liberty Rights for Great Apes Immoral 157
Denial of Basic Liberty Rights for Great Apes Immoral 158
Legal “Personhood” Key to According Apes Rights 159
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Challenging War, Genocide and Slavery 160
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Challenging War, Genocide and Slavery 161
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 162
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 163
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 164
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 165
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 166
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 167
Respecting Liberty Rights of Great Apes Key to Breaking the Species Barrier 168
Incremental Steps Key to Solve Speciesism 169
AT: “Great Ape Project is Speciest” 170
AT: “Great Ape Project is Speciest” 171
AT: “Great Ape Project is Speciest” 172
Should Extend Legal Protections/Rights to Great Apes 173
Should Extend Due Process Protections of Liberty to Apes 174
No Justification for Differential Treatment Among Great Apes 175
Apes Meet Requirements for Legal Personhood 176
Apes Meet Requirements for Legal Personhood 177
Apes Have Intelligence & Self Awareness 178
Apes Capable of Moral Reasoning 179
Apes Capable of Communication/Language 180
Apes and Humans Share DNA 181
Apes and Humans Have Similar Brain Function 182
Apes Have Culture 183
AT: “Public Opposes Extension of Rights to Apes” 184
AT: “Extension of Rights Meaningless- Courts Won’t Enforce Them” 185
AT: “Extension of Rights to Apes Creates Practical Difficulties” 186
AT: “No Place to Send Liberated Apes” 187
AT: “Extending Rights to Apes Kills AIDS Research” 188
AT: “Extending Rights to Apes Kills AIDS Research 189
AT: “Extending Rights to Apes Kills AIDS Research” 190
AT: “Extending Rights to Apes Kills AIDS Research” 191
**Factory Farm Aff** 192
Farm Animals Subject to Abuse and Exploitation Now 193
Farm Animals Subject to Abuse and Exploitation Now 194
Farm Animals Subject to Abuse and Exploitation Now 195
Farm Animals Subject to Abuse and Exploitation Now 197
Farm Animals Subject to Abuse and Exploitation Now 198
Farm Animals Subject to Abuse and Exploitation Now 199
Factory Farm Abuse Immoral/Unethical 200
Factory Farms Result of Speciesism 201
AT: “Confinement More Humane/Better for Animal Welfare” 202
Abuse of Farm Animals Threatens Human Survival 203
Abuse of Farm Animals Threatens Human Survival 204
Abuse of Farm Animals Threatens Food Safety 205
Abuse of Farm Animals Increases Disease Risk 206
Abuse of Farm Animals Increases Disease Risk 207
Abuse of Farm Animals Undermines Sustainable Agriculture 208
Should Recognize Rights of Farm Animals 209
Kantian Ethics Requires Treating Farm Animals with Respect 210
What We Eat is an Inherently Ethical and Moral Act 211
AT: “Rights Discourse Bad for Improving Animal Welfare” 212
AT: “Impractical to Change Animal Agricultural Practices” 213
AT: “Impractical to Change Animal Agricultural Practices” 214
AT: “Reduced Suffering Would Require Everyone to Become Vegetarian” 215
AT: “Animal Rights and Animal Welfare Approaches Trade-Off” 216
AT: “Animal Rights and Animal Welfare Approaches Trade-Off” 217
AT: “Improving Conditions for Farm Animals Trades Off with Trend Toward Vegetarianism” 218
**NEGATIVE ARGUMENTS** 219
**Animals Don’t Need Expanded Rights** 220
Captivity Doesn’t Threaten Animal Interests 221
Zoos Good 222
Zoos Good 223
**Should Not Recognize Animal Rights** 224
No Moral Obligation to Animals 225
No Moral Obligation to Animals 226
No Moral Obligation to Animals 227
No Moral Obligation to Animals: Wild Animals 229
Animal Rights are Immoral 230
Treating Animals Differently Not Akin to Racism and/or Sexism 231
Animal Rights are Immoral 232
Treating Animals Differently Justified 233
Human Needs and Suffering Outweigh Animals Interests 234
Sentience Not A Good Standard for Rights 235
Arguments Supporting Human Dignity Not Speciest 236
Animal Rights Unnecessary: Can Meet Moral Obligations Without Rights 237
Should Protect Animal Interests Without Granting Animal Rights 238
Animal Rights Unnecessary: Can Meet Moral Obligations Without Rights 239
Animal Rights Unnecessary: Can Meet Moral Obligations Without Rights 240
Pragmatism Doesn’t Require Endorsement of Animal Rights 241
Singer’s Utilitarian Justification Flawed 242
Singer’s Utilitarian Justification Flawed 243
Singer’s Utilitarian Justification Flawed 244
**Animals Do Not Deserve Rights** 245
Animals Lack Moral Agency Necessary for Rights 246
Animals Lack Ability to Participate in Asking for Rights 247
Rights Demands Responsibilities 248
Sentience Insufficient to Necessitate Rights 249
Sentience Insufficient to Necessitate Rights 250
Cognitive Capacity Does Not Necessitate Rights Extension 251
Cognitive Capacity Does Not Necessitate Rights Extension 252
Cognitive Capacity Bad Justification for Rights 253
Genetic Similarity Does not Necessitate Rights 254
**Problems with Recognizing Animal Rights” 255
Animal Rights System Threatens Global Extinction 256
Animal Rights Focus Trades Off with Efforts to Improve Animal Welfare 257
Animal Rights Focus Undermines Environmental Movements 258
Animal Rights Focus Undermines Environmental Movements 259
Animal Rights Focus Undermines Environmental Movements 260
Animal Rights Focus Undermines Environmental Movements 261
Animal Rights Focus Undermines Environmental Movements 262
Animal Rights Focus Trades Off With Ecosystem Protection 263
Animal Rights Focus Conflicts with Protecting Endangered Species 264
Animal Rights Focus Conflicts with Protecting Endangered Species 266
Animal Rights Focus Conflicts with Protecting Endangered Species 267
Asserting Moral Duty to Individual Animals Undermines Moral Obligation to Animal Species 268
Asserting Moral Duty to Individual Animals Undermines Moral Obligation to Animal Species 269
Animal Rights Expansion Devalues Humans 270
Animal Rights Expansion Devalues Humans 271
Animal Rights Kills AIDS Vaccine - Shell 272
AIDS Research DA – Link Extensions – Apes Key 273
AIDS Research DA – Link Extensions – Apes Key 274
AIDS Research DA – Animal Research Key 276
AIDS Research DA – Vaccine Key to Prevent Pandemic 277
AIDS Research DA – Global Destruction Impact 278
AIDS Research DA – Racism Impacts 279
Animal Rights Kills Ebola Research – Shell 280
Ebola Research DA – Links – Apes Key 281
Animal Rights Flawed – CLS Kritik 282
Animal Rights Flawed – CLS Kritik 283
Animal Rights Flawed – CLS Kritik 284
Animal Rights Flawed – CLS Kritik 285
Animal Rights Focus Bad – Entrenches Capitalism 286
Animal Rights Discourse Bad – Biopower 287
Animal Rights Bad – Feminist Kritik of Rights Discourse 288
Animal Rights Bad – Feminist Kritik of Rights Discourse 289
Animal Rights Bad – Feminist Kritik of Rights Discourse 290
Animal Rights Paradigm Counterproductive – Entrenches Speciesism 291
Animal Rights Discourse Bad – Entrenches Anthropocentrism 293
Animal Rights Discourse Bad – Entrenches Anthropocentrism 294
Animal Rights Focus Promotes Romanticism 295
Animal Rights Focus Promotes Romanticism 296
Animal Rights Focus Promotes Romanticism 297
Grounding Animal Rights in Human Similarity Counterproductive 298
Grounding Animal Rights in Human Similarity Counterproductive 299
Grounding Animal Rights in Human Similarity Counterproductive 300
Grounding Animal Rights in Human Similarity Counterproductive 301
Grounding Animal Rights in Human Similarity Increases Animal Research 302
Grounding Animal Rights in Human Similarity Bad – AT Perm 303
Animal Rights Entrenches the Logic of Nazism 304
Animal Rights Entrenches the Logic of Nazism 305
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Ethical Arguments Insufficient to Change Attitudes 306
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Rights Can’t Pierce Anthropocentrism 307
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Ineffective Strategy for Social Change 308
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Focus on Rights Undermines Success of Movements 309
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Focus on Rights Undermines Success of Movements 310
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Will Never Gain Acceptance by Public or Leaders 311
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Will Never Gain Acceptance by Public or Leaders 312
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Systemic Bias Proves Inadequacy of Rights 313
Animal Rights Strategy Fails – Non-Rights Discourse More Effective 314
Animal Rights System Creates Problems 315