Subordinating Conjunctions

The clauses that begin with the following conjunctions, answer the questions “why”, “when”, or “where” something happened. These are adverb clauses.

after if when

although in order that whenever

as since where

as if so (that) wherever

as long as than while

because though whatever

before unless

even though until

The following conjunctions may begin clauses that answer the questions “which ones” or “what kinds” about a noun. These are adjective clauses.

who whose whom which that where

·  Which refers to things and animals.
·  Who, whose, and whom refer to people.
·  That usually refers to things.

Note: Dependent clauses at the BEGINNING or MIDDLE of a sentence are COMMA CAUSERS. (See AAAWWUBBIS, p. 27 MD.)

Ex:

·  Although my best friend and I are miles apart, we still talk to each other daily.

·  Ally, who lives in New York, is my best friend.

If the dependent clause comes at the end of the sentence, there is often no need for a comma.

Ex: I text message or call her every day after I finish my homework.

(File in front of AAAWWUBBIS in MD)