AP Chemistry Syllabus
2008-2009
Mr. Scott Byrum
North Sand Mountain High School
(256) 597-2368 (w) or (256) 632-1303 (h)
or
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Advanced Placement Chemistry is designed to give students the skills and knowledge equivalent to a college freshman chemistry course. It will include all topics typically found in a first-year college course. Many of these topics were covered in the regular high school chemistry class, but they are covered in much greater depth in this course.
COURSE EXPECTATIONS
A student enrolled in the course is expected to have a good knowledge of high school chemistry and math and be willing to put in extra time and effort demanded of a college level course. Since AP Chemistry is a college level course, it will require some college level thinking skills. You are not expected to understand this material the first time you read it. You are expected to read the book, to take good lecture notes, and spend extra time studying.
ATTENDANCE
Regular attendance is EXPECTED. Repeated absences will be reflected in your grade and in your score on the AP Exam due to missing discussions where key concepts are investigated. Since most college labs require more than an hour and a half to finish, students will be expected to spend lunch study time completing labs. In addition, there will be times when lunch study will be devoted to chemistry.
MATERIALS
· Text: Zumdahl, Chemistry – 7th Edition
· Laboratory Notebook
· Calculator with scientific notation, root functions, and logs
· Notebook (3 ring binder)
CLASSROOM RULES
In addition to the Jackson County Board of Education Code of Conduct, each student will exhibit considerate behavior by also observing these classroom rules:
· Bring all materials necessary for class each day (this includes your calculator).
· Obtain teacher’s permission before handling materials and equipment.
· No food, drink, or gum in lab.
LABORATORY SAFETY
Lab is a very rewarding opportunity for all students in chemistry. However, accidents do and will occur. Therefore, it is absolutely essential that you comply with lab safety rules and procedures at ALL times. Failure to follow safety rules and procedures that could result in injury to you or others will result in the loss of lab privilege during the remainder of the lab period, and a zero will be given on that lab.
EVALUATION
You will be graded in the following manner:
· Exams
· Classwork & Homework
· Laboratory Skills and Formal Laboratory Reports – Each student will be expected to keep a laboratory notebook, which will contain the raw data and observations collected in lab. (Some colleges will require this lab book in order to give you college credit for the laboratory portion of the course!) All lab reports should follow the format that will be discussed in class.
· Practice Problems – Students will be assigned practice problems with each chapter. Solving these problems will help students gain a better understanding of concepts discussed in class. Practice problems can be counted as extra credit at the end of each nine weeks. These problems should be labeled with the date and the assignment. Students must show all work.
COURSE OUTLINE (Being the pilot course for AP Chemistry for our school, the course will be taught the first year on a 36-week, 96-minute block period. Afterward, the course will be modified into an 18-week semester). The chapters that are covered in the course will include the schedule as described below including planned laboratory experiments to accompany material. *Dependent upon lecture/lab time, timeframes below are subject to modification.
Unit I: Chemical Foundations……………………….. 1 week
Dimensional analysis, uncertainty, significant figures.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #2- Determination of the Percentage of Water in a Hydrate (see lab list #2)
Unit II: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions………………… 3 weeks
Review of formula writing, oxidation states, nomenclature, etc.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #1- Determination of the Formula of a Compound (see lab list #1)
Unit III: Stoichiometry…………………….………….5 weeks
Mole, atomic weight, molecular formula, balancing equations, limiters, empirical formulas, percent composition, percent, yield, and solution stoichiometry, precipitation reactions, redox reactions.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #4- Determination of Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression (see lab list #4), AP requirement #6- Standardization of a Solution Using a Primary Standard (see lab list #6), AP requirement #8- Determination of Concentration by Oxidation-Reduction Titration (see lab list #7), AP requirement #9-Determination of Mass and Mole Relationship in a Chemical Reaction (see lab list #8)
Unit IV: Gases………………………………………… 2 weeks
Ideal gas law, Van der Waal’s equation, Avogadro’s Law, STP, Dalton’s Law, Graham’s Law, kinetic theory of gases, etc.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #3 Determination of the Molar Mass of Gases and Volatile Liquids (see lab list #3), AP requirement #5- Determination of the Molar Volume of a Gas (see lab list #5)
Unit V: Thermochemistry…………………………….2 weeks
Enthalpy, thermochemical equations, heats of formation, bond energies, heats og reactions, etc.
Planned experiments: AP requirement # 13- Determination of Enthalpy Change Associated with a Reaction (see lab list #12)
Unit VI: Atomic Structure and Periodicity………….2 weeks
Atomic spectra, Bohr atom, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, electron configurations, periodic table, trends in the periodic table in terms of physical and chemical properties.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #15-Synthesis of a Coordination Compound and Its Chemical Analysis (see lab list #14)
Unit VII: Bonding: General Concepts………………3 weeks
Lewis structures, ionic bonding, character of bonds, covalent model, octet rule and exceptions, resonance, VSEPR model, and hybridization.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #14- Separation and Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions (see lab list #13)
Unit VIII: Liquids and Solids………………….…….1.5 weeks
Dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, London forces, liquid state, types of solids, metallic bonding, network solids, vapor pressure, change of state, phase diagrams, and specific heat.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #16- Analytical Gravimetric Determination of a Metal Carbonate (see lab list #15)
Unit IX: Properties of Solutions…………….………..2 weeks
Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, molarity, molality, mole fractions, colligative properties, Raoult’s Law, Henry’s law, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #18- Separation by Chromatography (see lab list #17)
Unit X: Thermodynamics: Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy……2.5 weeks
Gibbs free energy equation, laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, free energy, energy and work, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and state functions.
Unit XI: Chemical Kinetics………………........................2 weeks
Reaction kinetics, rate law expressions, order of reactions, rate constant, half-life, activation energy, catalysts, and reaction mechanism.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #12- Determination of the Rate of a Reaction and Its Order (see lab list #11)
Unit XII: Chemical Equilibrium………….……………..2 weeks
Laws of mass action, equilibrium expressions, calculations of K and equilibrium concentrations, Le Chatelier’s principle, and how equilibrium is shifted by temperature, concentration, etc.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #17- Colorimetric or Spectrophotometric Analysis/Determination of Keq for FeSCN2+ (see lab list #16)
Unit XIII: Acids and Bases……………….………….…..2.5 weeks
pH, Ka and Kb expressions, titration, degree of ionization, Kw expressions, indicators, equivalence points, Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acid theories, and salt hydrolysis.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #11-Determination of the Appropriate Indicators for Various Acid-Base Titrations (see lab list #10), AP requirement #10-Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for a Chemical Reaction/Ka of Weak Acids (see lab list #9), AP requirement #19-Preparation and Properties of Buffer Solutions (see lab list #18)
Unit XIV: Electrochemistry……………………...………2 weeks
Oxidation and reduction half-cells and equations, electrochemical (voltaic) cells, standard voltages, standard voltages from a table, Nernst equation, Faraday’s laws, writing redox equations, and balancing equations in acid/base solution.
Planned experiments: AP requirement #20- Determination of an Electrochemical Series (see lab list # 19), AP requirement #21- Measurements Using Electrochemical Cells and Electroplating (see lab list #20)
Unit XV: The Nucleus: A Chemist’s View……..…..……0.5 week
.
This unit takes only a few days and includes nuclear equations, half lives, nuclear particle emissions, fission and fusion, and a bit about nuclear reactors.
Unit XVI: Organic and Biological Molecules…….……..0.5 week
Planned experiments: AP requirement #22- Synthesis, Purification, and Analysis of an Organic Compound (see lab list #21)
AP Exam Review…………………………………………1-2.5 weeks
· AP Chemistry Labs
All of the experiments below will require hands-on work in the laboratory. You will work with other students to collect, process, and manipulate data taken from your observations. You will then process and analyze the data to generate either a formal lab report or brief written synopsis of the laboratory. Your lab write up will consist of purpose, materials, procedure, data, conclusion, and reference sections. *Please note that the list of laboratories below may not be given in the exact order as listed. All lab below are purchased through Flinn Scientific’s AP Chemistry Kit supplies.
1. Determination of the Empirical Formula of Silver Oxide
2 Analysis of Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
3. Determination of the Molar Mass of Gases and Volatile Liquids
4. Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression
5. Determining the Molar Volume of a Gas
6. Acid-Base Titrations
7. Determination of Concentration by Oxidation-Reduction Titration
8. Determination of Mass and Mole Relationship in a Chemical Reaction
9. Determination of Ka of Weak Acids
10. Selecting Indicators for Acid-Base Titrations
11. Kinetics of a Reaction
12. Thermodynamics- Enthalpy of Reaction and Hess’s Law
13. Separation and Qualitative Determination of Cations and Anions
14. Synthesis and Analysis of a Coordination Compound
15. Gravimetric Analysis of a Metal Carbonate
16. The Determination of Keq for FeSCN2+
17. Liquid Chromatography
18. pH Properties of Buffer Solutions
19. Determination of an Electrochemical Series
20. Measurements Using Electrochemical Cells and Electroplating
21. Synthesis, Isolation, and Purification of an Ester
Mr. Byrum’s Expectations for AP Chemistry Students
1. I will attend class on a regular basis, and I will be on time for class.
2. I must have my admit slip before entering Mrs. Reaves’ classroom.
3. If my absence is unexcused, I understand that I cannot receive credit for any work
missed.
4. I will bring all materials needed daily. I understand that I may be assigned detention if
I fail to do so.
5. I will work only on AP Chemistry during the entire 50 minutes of class. Mrs. Reaves
may take up and extraneous materials.
6. I understand that lunch study may be used for AP Chemistry on certain days.
7. I will ask for help when it is needed.
8. I understand that Mrs. Reaves is not here to simply “give me the answer”, but rather to
help me to learn to think for myself and solve some difficult problems .
9. I will extend my respect and effort not only to Mrs. Reaves but also to all
other students.
10. I will give AP Chemistry my all even though it may be tough!